Relationship Between Number of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training Sessions, Muscle Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Rural Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Data extraction process.

Table 1 Clinical Demographic Characteristics and Baseline CRF Characteristics of the Subjects

	Exercised 7 Times or More (A)	Exercised Less Than 7 Times (B)	p-value
Age (year)	69.07±4.27	69.45±3.11	0.77
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.19±2.03	25.13±3.20	0.34
SMI	7.82±0.62	8.31±1.04	0.12
Height (cm)	158.78±6.44	163.59±8.58	0.06
Weight (kg)	61.24±7.12	67.10±8.77	0.04^a
Sex (Male: Female)	7:7	16:6	0.17
Hypertension	11 (79%)	17 (77%)	0.93
Dyslipidemia	5 (36%)	10 (45%)	0.58
Diabetes mellitus	5 (36%)	10 (45%)	0.58
CHD event type
STEMI	7 (50%)	11 (50%)	1.00
NSTEMI	7 (50%)	11 (50%)	1.00
EF (%)	49.14±8.78	52.98±10.14	0.24
VO2max (mL/kg/min)	19.25±5.38	21.59±5.56	0.22
VEmax (L/min)	42.41±13.04	50.31±15.29	0.11
METs	5.48±1.54	6.17±1.59	0.20
RER	1.04±0.16	1.02±0.10	0.64

Notes: ^aDenotes significant difference between the year group and (p<0.05). Values are presented as mean value (±standard deviation).

Abbreviations: CHD, Coronary heart disease; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; BMI, Body mass index; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; EF, Ejection fraction; VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption; METs, Metabolic equivalent tasks; RER, Respiratory exchange ratio; VE_max, expired ventilation at maximal effort.

Table 2 Relationships Between the Exercise Time and the Change Ratio of Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Program Participants

Parameters	CR Exercise Time
	Correlation Coefficients (r)	p-value
Δ SMI	0.37	0.03^a
Δ METs	0.15	0.38
Δ VO2max	0.14	0.41
ΔVEmax	0.07	0.68
Δ EF	0.01	0.96

Notes: ^aDenotes significant difference between the year group and (p<0.05). Δ Denotes the change ratio of each indicators.

Abbreviations: VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption; METs, Metabolic equivalent tasks; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; VE_max, expired ventilation at maximal effort; EF, Ejection fraction.

Table 3 Comparison of Exercise Capacity Between Onset and 3 month Follow Up Test in Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Program Participants Exercised 7 Times or More (Group A) and Less Than 7 Times (Group B)

	Exercised 7 Times or More (A)			Exercised Less Than 7 Times (B)
	Initial ETT	3 Months After ETT	p-value	Initial ETT	3 Months After ETT	p-value
SMI	7.82±0.62	8.16±0.60	<0.01^b	8.31±1.04	8.33±0.88	0. 89
VO2Max	19.25±5.38	23.00±5.01	<0.01^b	21.59±5.56	21.69±5.94	0.92
VEmax	42.41±13.04	50.41±14.57	0.02^a	50.31±15.29	49.57±16.38	0.78
METs	5.48±1.54	6.58±1.44	<0.01^b	6.17±1.59	6.18±1.72	0.99
EF	49.14±8.78	56.31±9.28	<0.01^b	52.98±10.14	57.56±11.23	<0.01^b

Notes: ^aDenotes significant difference between the year group and (p<0.05). ^bDenotes significant difference between the year group and (p<0.01).

Abbreviations: VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption; METs, Metabolic equivalent tasks; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; VE_max, expired ventilation at maximal effort; EF, Ejection fraction.

Table 4 Comparison of Change Ratios of SMI and Exercise Capacity Between Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Program Participants Exercised 7 Times or More (Group A) and Less Than 7 Times (Group B)

	Exercised 7 Times or More (A)	Exercised Less Than 7 Times (B)	p-value
Δ SMI	4.55±4.84	0.56±6.19	0.04^a
Δ METs	25.30±33.20	2.02±20.51	0.03^a
Δ VO2max	24.61±33.02	2.49±20.27	0.04^a
ΔVEmax	22.55±31.86	1.05±21.04	0.02^a
Δ EF	11.03±14.62	8.17±29.53	0.70

Notes: ^aDenotes significant difference between the year group and (p<0.05). Δ Denotes the change ratio of each indicators.

Abbreviations: VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption; METs, Metabolic equivalent tasks; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; VE_max, expired ventilation at maximal effort; EF, Ejection fraction.