The Effect of Anthropometric Shoes on Lactic Acid Reduction in Nurses: A Mixed-Methods Study from Indonesia

Figures & data

Figure 1 3D scan of foot anthropometry model measurement.

Figure 2 Individual anthropometry shoe design.

Table 1 Summary of Methods

Study	Quantitative	Qualitative
Research design	Pre-experimental	Explorative
Sampling	Stratified random sampling	Stratified random sampling
Data collection method	A demographic questionnaire and accutrend lactate (lactate meter)	Structured interview
Participants	71	20
Recruitment	Nurses who have high activity-level jobs	Nurses who have high activity-level jobs
Inclusion criteria	Willing to wear anthropometric shoes while working for three weeks Not planning or currently taking leave or retirement during the study period Not planning or currently taking other jobs other than working as a nurse Emergency Room Nurse Central Surgical Installation Nurse Inpatient Room Nurses Intensive Care Unit Nurse Outpatient Installation Nurse	Willing to wear anthropometric shoes while working for three weeks Not planning or currently taking leave or retirement during the study period Not planning or currently taking other jobs other than working as a nurse Emergency Room Nurse Central Surgical Installation Nurse Inpatient Room Nurses Intensive Care Unit Nurse Outpatient Installation Nurse
Research setting	Hospital	Hospital
Study variables	Demographic characteristics Lactic acid levels	Demographic characteristics Nurses’ knowledge of anthropometric shoes Advantages and disadvantages of anthropometric shoes Impact of using anthropometric shoes
Data analysis	SPSS Version 23 t-test	Thematic analysis

Table 2 Quantitative Participants’ Characteristics (n=71)

Domain	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Gender
Male	31	43.7
Female	40	56.3
Age (years)
26–35	17	23.9
36–45	36	50.7
46–55	18	25.4
Place of Work
ER	6	8.5
CSI	9	12.7
IR	42	59.2
ICU	11	15.5
OI	3	4.2
Length of work (years)
Less than 5	2	2.9
5–10	13	18.3
11–15	14	19.7
16–20	20	28.2
21–25	12	16.9
26–30	7	9.8
More than 30	3	4.2

Abbreviations: Emergency Room, ER; Central Surgical Installation, CSI; Inpatient Room, IR; Intensive Care Unit, ICU; Outpatient Installation, OI.

Table 3 Lactic Acid Levels Before and After the Use of Individual Anthropometric Shoes

Measurement	Pre Test (Mean)	Post Test (Mean)	p-value
Lactic acid	22.48	16.27	0.000

Note: 4.5 −19.8 mg/dL, (Normal lactic acid values).

Table 4 Qualitative Participants’ Characteristics (n=15)

Code of Participant	Gender	Age (Years)	Place of Work	Length of Work (Years)
ER.1	Male	35	ER	21
ER.2	Female	43	ER	20
ER.3	Female	35	ER	22
CSI.1	Male	42	CSI	16
CSI.2	Male	45	CSI	20
OI.1	Female	30	OI	8
OI.2	Female	27	OI	1
ICU.1	Male	37	ICU	11
ICU.2	Male	31	ICU	5
ICU.3	Female	33	ICU	5
IR.1	Male	38	IR	9
IR.2	Female	44	IR	20
IR.3	Female	33	IR	6
IR.4	Female	31	IR	8
IR.5	Female	34	IR	12

Abbreviations: ER, Emergency Room; CSI, Central Surgical Installation; IR, Inpatient Room; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; OI, Outpatient Installation.