Using a Mixed-Method Approach to Explore the Factors Influencing the Family Resilience of Stroke Survivors in China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Stroke Patients and Caregivers in Phase 1

	Patients (N=242, %)	Caregivers (N=242, %)
Gender
Female	73 (30.2)	156 (64.5)
Male	169 (69.8)	86 (35.5)
Age (years)
<50	41 (16.9)	97 (40)
50–59	81 (33.5)	111 (45.9)
60–69	88 (36.3)	34 (14.1)
70–79	26 (10.7)
>80	6 (2.5)
Mean±SD	61.86±8.76	53.62±7.49
Relationship to stroke survivors
Child		94 (38.8)
Spouse		115 (47.5)
Parent		28 (11.6)
Other		5 (2.3)
Religion
Yes	19 (7.9)
No	223 (92.1)
Marital status
Married	206 (85.1)
Divorced	18 (7.4)
Widowed	14 (5.8)
Single	4 (1.7)
Place of living
Rural	137 (56.6)
City	105 (43.4)
Health insurance
New rural cooperative medical insurance	133 (55.1)
Medical insurance for urban residents	76 (31.3)
Other	33 (13.6)
Education
Primary school and below	89 (36.7)	38 (15.7)
Junior high school	111 (45.9)	81 (33.5)
High school	27 (11.0)	89 (36.8)
College or above	15 (6.1)	34 (14.0)
Occupational status
Employed	49 (20.2)	79 (32.6)
Unemployed	71 (29.5)	51 (21.1)
Retired	122 (50.3)	112 (46.3)
Main source of family economy
Yes	150 (62.0)
No	92 (38.0)
Type of Stroke
Ischemic	230 (94.9)
Hemorrhagic	12 (5.1)
Disease duration (years)
<1	42 (17.4)
1–3	128 (52.9)
>3	72 (29.8)
Family monthly income
<1500		90 (37.2)
1500–3000		85 (35.1)
>3000		67 (27.7)
Family resilience
FRAS		185.33±24.78
Self-efficacy
SECD-6	5.61±1.26
Caregiver burden
ZBI		35.83±20.92
Family functioning
FAD		27.721±5.16
Social support
SSRS		40.46±7.52

Abbreviations: FRAS, Family Resilience Assessment Scale; SECD-6, The Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale; ZBI, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview; FAD, Family Assessment Device; SSRS, The Social Support Rating Scale.

Table 2 Demographic Information of Phase 2

Variables	N (%)
Gender
Female	10 (71.4)
Male	4 (28.6)
Age (years)
<50	5 (35.7)
50–59	6 (42.9)
60–69	3 (21.4)
Education level
Primary school or illiterate	3 (21.4)
Junior high school	4 (28.6)
High school	2 (14.3)
College or above	5 (35.7)
Occupational status
Employed	5 (35.7)
Unemployed	3 (21.4)
Retired	6 (42.9)
Relationship to stroke survivors
Child	4 (28.6)
Spouse	8 (57.2)
Parent	1 (7.1)
Sibling	1 (7.1)
ZBI
Severe	5 (35.7)
Moderate	6 (42.9)
Mild	3 (21.4)

Abbreviation: ZBI, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview.

Table 3 Comparison of Family Resilience in Different Sociodemographic Characteristics

Variables	Family Resilience	F/t value	P value
Patients
Marital status
Married	4.13±0.78	2.766	0.006
Divorced	3.45±0.29
Widowed	3.18±0.35
Single	3.76±0.35
Health insurance
New rural cooperative medical insurance	3.31±0.68	3.597	0.004
Medical insurance for urban residents	3.67±0.45
Other	2.78±0.57
Disease duration (years)
<1	4.06±0.89	3.162	0.002
1–3	3.65±0.34
>3	3.66±0.12
Caregivers
Education level
Primary School and below	2.94±0.36	5.154	0.002
Junior high school	3.45±0.89
High school	3.86±0.66
College or above	3.94±0.67
Occupational status
Employed	3.64±0.45	3.326	0.040
Unemployed	3.25±0.29
Retired	3.18±0.35

Note: Only significant or marginally significant results have been listed.

Table 4 Correlations (r) Among Family Resilience, Self-Efficacy, Caregiver Burden, Family Functioning, and Social Support

	Family Resilience	Family Belief	Family Strength
Self-efficacy	0.387**	0.360**	0.370**
Caregiver burden	–0.375**	–0.341**	–0.346**
Family functioning	–0.587**	–0.534**	–0.595**
Social support	0.452**	0.373**	0.491**

Note: **P<0.01.

Table 5 Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis

Variables	B	Beta	t value	p value
(Constant)	34.460		3.383	0.001
Family functioning	0.948	0.347	7.684	<0.01
ZBI total scores	–0.517	–0.293	–6.041	<0.01
ZBI-Personal strain	–0.875	–0.242	–5.356	<0.01
SSRS -Objective support	1.512	0.208	3.036	0.011
SSRS-Subjective support	1.467	0.106	2.961	0.021
SECD-6	0.145	0.102	2.858	0.014
Type of medical insurance	1.089	0.098	2.862	<0.01
Occupational status	4.651	30.075	2.517	0.035

Note: F=74.528, P<0.001, R²=0.674, adjusted R²=0.636;

Abbreviations: ZBI, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview; SSRS, The Social Support Rating Scale; SECD-6, The Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale.

Figure 1 Themes and subthemes extracted from qualitative content analysis.