Informing the State of Process Modeling and Automation of Blood Banking and Transfusion Services Through a Systematic Mapping Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 The systematic mapping study research process.

Table 1 Keywords Used in the Process Modeling and Automation of BB&T Services for the Systematic Mapping Study

Categories	Search Keywords
Blood banking and transfusion	Blood banking Blood banks Blood donation Blood storage Blood distribution Blood transfusion Transfusion centers
Process	Workflow modeling Workflow management Process modeling Process management Business process modeling RAD BPMN Workflow automation Process automation Bridging business processes and systems Blood transfusion service Blood transfusion process Blood transfusion policy Blood transfusion protocol algorithm

Figure 2 Subject distribution in the selected publications.

Table 2 Publication Tendency of Process Modeling of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Services, Sorted by Year

Year of Publication	References	Number of Publications	Percentage (%)
1979	[17]	1	4.55
1996	[18]	1	4.55
2007	[19–21]	3	13.64
2008	[22–24]	3	13.64
2009	[25]	1	4.55
2011	[26]	1	4.55
2013	[27,28]	2	9.09
2014	[1]	1	4.55
2015	[29]	1	4.55
2016	[30]	1	4.55
2017	[31]	1	4.55
2019	[17,32]	2	9.09
2020	[33]	1	4.55
2021	[34,35]	2	9.09
2022	[36]	1	4.55
Total		22	100%

Figure 3 Types of publications included in the systematic mapping study.

Table 3 Process Modeling Languages and Notation Used for Process Modeling of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Services

Modeling Language	References	BB&T Processes	Percentage (%)	Number of Publications
YAWL	[1]	High-level blood banking process workflow Blood processing Blood transfusion	9.09	1
URML	[27]	High-level blood banking process workflow Blood donation control Temperature of stored blood	9.09	1
BPMN	[23]	Blood storage	9.09	1
DERF	[30]	High-level blood banking process workflow	9.09	1
Not mentioned	[17,20,22,24,25,31,32]	High-level blood banking process workflow Cross-matching Genotyping Blood storage Post-transfusion Authorization for deviation from standard blood banking procedures Material check-in	63.64	7

Table 4 Process Modeling of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Services in the Systematic Mapping Study

Main Categories of Processes	Modeled Processes	References	Percentage (%)	Number of Publications
High-level blood bank and transfusion services processes map	High-level blood banking process workflow	[1,20,22,25,27,30,37]	35	7
Blood donation	Blood donation	[27,37]	10	2
Blood processing	Blood processing	[1]	5	1
	Cross-matching	[31,32]	10	2
	Genotyping	[17]	5	1
Blood storage	Blood storage	[23,24]	10	2
	Control temperature of stored blood	[27]	5	1
Blood transfusion	Blood transfusion	[1]	5	1
Post-transfusion	Post-transfusion	[31]	5	1
Administrative processes	Authorization for deviation from standard blood banking procedures	[31]	5	1
	Material check-in	[25]	5	1

Table 5 Automatic Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Processes Identified in the Systematic Mapping Study

Main Categories of Processes	Automated Processes	References	Percentage (%)	Number of Publications
Blood donation	Registration of specimen	[26]	2.63	1
	Registration of patients	[26]	2.63	1
	Printing tags of blood samples	[30]	2.63	1
Blood processing	Processing	[26,34]	5.26	2
	Blood group	[18,19,28,30,39]	13.16	5
	Subgroup typing	[19]	2.63	1
	Cross-matching	[19,26,32,39]	10.53	4
	Antibody screening	[19,28,29,39]	10.53	4
	Result entry, reporting, inquiry, and retrieval	[26,30]	5.26	2
Infection screening	Infection screening	[34]	2.63	1
Blood storage	Blood identification	[35]	2.63	1
	Blood inventory control	[26]	2.63	1
	Temperature and humidity monitoring	[35]	2.63	1
Blood transfusion	Entry and inquiry of online test order	[26]	2.63	1
	Safeguarding of transfusion rules	[26]	2.63	1
	Calculation of number of ordered units	[33]	2.63	1
	Identification of patient and specimen	[26,30,36]	7.89	3
	Verify matching of patient identity with prescribed blood product	[30]	2.63	1
Post-transfusion	Recording complications of blood transfusion	[30]	2.63	1
Administrative process	Tracking	[21,26]	5.26	2
	Workflow management	[26]	2.63	1
	Control of workstation quality	[26]	2.63	1
	Real-time monitoring	[26]	2.63	1

Table 6 Gained Impact of Process Modeling and Automation of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Processes

Gained Impact	References	Modeled BB&T Process But Not Automated	Modeled and Automated BB&T Process	Automated BB&T Process But Not Modeled
Improve efficiency	[1,18,20,21,23,24,26,29,33,34,39]		√
Improve safety	[18,20,22,28,31,32,34,35]		√
Improve reliability	[19,26,29,32,36]			√
Improve cost-effectiveness	[22,23,25,28,32]		√
Improve adherence to and compliance with policies	[24,26,34]		√
BB&T process validation	[17]	√
Requirement elicitation	[27]	√
Facilitate communication between BB&T stakeholders	[30]	√
Education	[31]	√

Table 7 Percentage of Process Modeling and Automation of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) Processes

Modeled BB&T Processes		Modeled and Automated BB&T Processes		Modeled and Not Automated BB&T Processes		Not Modeled and Not Automated BB&T Processes
No. of Processes	% of Total BB&T Processes	No. of Processes	% of Total BB&T Processes	No. of Processes	% of Total BB&T Processes	No. of Processes	% of Total BB&T Processes
25	66.67	17	85	0	0	3	15

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