A Scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions: Reducing Traumatic Effect of Bullying Among Adolescents

Figures & data

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram.

Notes: PRISMA figure adapted from Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. Creative Commons.³¹

Table 1 JBI Critical Appraisal Tool

Authors, Published Year	JBI Critical Appraisal Tool	Study Design
[33]	84.6% (11/13)	RCTs
[34]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[35]	76.9% (10/13)	RCTs
[36]	76.9% (10/13)	RCTs
[37]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[38]	76.9% (10/13)	RCTs
[39]	88.9% (8/9)	Quasi experimental
[40]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[41]	100% (9/9)	Quasi experimental
[42]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[43]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[44]	88.9% (8/9)	Quasi-experimental
[45]	88.9% (8/9)	Quasi-experimental
[46]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[47]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs
[48]	92.3% (12/13)	RCTs

Table 2 Extraction Data

No	Authors and Year	Purpose	Country	Method	Sample	Intervention	Mean and p value	Scale	Result
1.	[33]	Effect on the reducing trauma	Iran	RCTs	280 students in 5th and 6th grade	Social cognitive theory (SCT)	Mean pre-test: 43.09 Mean post-test: 34.39 p value: p < 0.001	Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI)	Significantly reduce trauma and incidence of bullying
2.	[34]	Reducing bullying and its impact among students	Indonesia	RCTs	2.075 students in 7–9 grade	Adolescent bullying intervention	Mean pre-test: 7.61 Mean post-test: 6.07 p value: p < 0.05	The Forms of Bullying Scale	Effectively reduce bullying and its impact
3.	[35]	Effect on improving mental health and reducing trauma	India	RCTs	5539 students (mean age: 13.70)	School-based intervention	Mean pre-test: 0.65 Mean post-test: 0.71 p value: p = 0.015	Bullying Victimization Questionnaire	Significantly improve mental health and reduce trauma of bullying
4.	[36]	Effect on social and emotional skills to reduce trauma	United Kingdom	RCTs	40 students aged 11/12	Whole School Interventions	Mean pre-test: 0·42 Mean post-test: 0·37 p value: p = 0.0395	Gatehouse Bullying Scale	Significantly improve developing social and emotional skills, also reduce trauma of bullying
5.	[37]	Reducing bullying, victimization remains a significant problem in schools.	Australia	RCTs	3704 students (mean age: 9.53)	School‐based interventions	Mean pre-test: 50.2 Mean post-test: 22.1 p value: p<0.05	The global victimization item from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire	Significantly decreased incidence and impact of bullying and victimization
6.	[38]	Reduce negative impact of bullying	Taiwan	RCTs	328 students fifth graders	Collaborative board games	Mean pre-test: 20.08 Mean post-test: 22.11 p value: p = 0.015	Attitude toward bullying	Significantly reduce effect trauma and the incidence of bullying
7.	[39]	Reduce bullying and its negative impact	Nigeria	Quasi experimental	329 students secondary schools	Self-instruction	Mean pre-test: 47.57 Mean post-test: 35.82 p value: p = 0.001	The students’ tendency to bullying questionnaire (STBQ)	Significantly reducing bullying and its negative impact
8.	[40]	Reduce negative effect of bullying	Australia	RCTs	31 adolescents aged 13–14 years	Cyber Friendly Schools Program	Mean pre-test: 0.26 Mean post-test: 0.33 p value: p = 0.012	Student bullying victimization and perpetration behavior	Effectively reduce trauma of bullying
9.	[41]	Reduce negative effect of bullying and improve mental health	South Korea	Quasi experimental	71 students (mean age: 14.41)	Social and Emotional Competence Enhancement Program	Mean pre-test: 9.91 Mean post-test: 2.74 p value: p < 0.001	School Bullying Behavior	Effectively reducing negative impact of bullying with improve social competence, emotional regulation, and empathy
10.	[42]	Reducing bullying behaviors and its negative impact	China	RCTs	189 students (mean age: 15.79)	School-Based Mindfulness Intervention	Mean pre-test: 1.49 Mean post-test: 1.09 p value: p<0.05	Chinese Version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBQ-CV)	Effectively reducing negative impact of bullying and its incidence
11.	[43]	Improving empathy and reducing negative impact of bullying among adolescents	Turkey	RCT	83 students aged 12–14	Behavioral System Model Based Nursing Intervention	Mean pre-test: 42.88 Mean post-test: 39.72 p value: p = 0.003	Empathy Index for Children (EIC) and Traditional Peer Bullying Scale	Effectively improving empathy and reducing negative impact of bullying
12.	[44]	Reducing traumatic experience and bullying behavior among adolescents	Egypt	Quasi-experimental	40 adolescents 12–18 years	Audio- drama nursing intervention	Mean pre-test: 27.40 Mean post-test: 16.47 p value: p = 0.003	Adolescent bullying scale	Effectively reducing bullying behavior and traumatic experience among victims of bullying
13.	[45]	Reduce bullying behavior and improve assertiveness among adolescents	Turkey	Quasi-experimental	119 students (mean age 11.5)	Assertiveness training	Mean pre-test: 6.4 Mean post-test: 4.4 p value: p < 0.05	The peer victimization scale	Effectively reducing bullying behavior and improving assertiveness among adolescents
14.	[46]	Reduce traumatic effect among adolescents	USA	RCT	43 students (mean age 15.25)	Cognitive-behavioral therapy	p value: p < 0.05	The Beck Child Depression Inventory	Significant reductions in depressive symptoms
15.	[47]	Reduce traumatic effect of bullying among students	USA	RCT	216 students aged 13–17	Mental health and gender-based violence	PTSD 12.2% (95% confidence interval 10.5–15.4), depression 9.2% (95% confidence interval 6.6–10.1) and anxiety 17.6% (95% confidence interval 11.2% - 18.7%). P value<0.05	The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), the Beck Child Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Rosenberg self-efficacy scale (RSES)	Effectively improving mental health
16.	[48]	Reduce traumatic effect among adolescents	Norway	RCT	156 adolescents (mean age 15.1)	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	Significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (est. ¼ 5.78, d ¼ 0.51), 95% CI [2.32, 9.23]; and general mental health symptoms (est. ¼ 2.54, d ¼ 0.45), 95% CI [0.50, 4.58]	The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale	Effective in treating traumatized youth

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