Kangaroo Mother Care Induced Serum Oxytocin Facilitates Prolactin and IL-10 Among Emergency Cesarean Mothers

Figures & data

Figure 1 Changes in hormonal levels (A) oxytocin, (B) cortisol and (C) prolactin and cytokine levels (D) interleukin-6 and (E) interleukin-10 among the KMC group. Data represented in a box and whisker plot in which distribution of data are depicted as percentiles. The minimum value on the Y axis (pg/mL) of each graph is adjusted to the nearest low level of each parameter studied. KMC, kangaroo mother care; d, day(s).

Table 1 Evaluation of KMC on Other Maternal and Neonatal Parameters

Variables	C-Section	C-Section + KMC
Hospital discharge (days)	4.8±0.98	3.7±0.70
Lactation starting time (h)	49.3±2.65	39.3±2.59
Feeding time (average min/day)	10.9±3.30	15.3±1.25
Crying time (h/day)	2.3±0.38	1.5±0.38

Note: Data are given as mean±SD.

Table 2 Pearson’s Correlation Matrix Within and Between the KMC Group

Parameter in KMC group	Interval	Oxytocin			Cortisol			Prolactin			IL-6			IL-10
		0 Time	1d-KMC	2d-KMC	0 Time	1d-KMC	2d-KMC	0 Time	1d-KMC	2d-KMC	0 Time	1d-KMC	2d-KMC	0 Time	1d-KMC	2d-KMC
Oxytocin	0 time	1.000
	1d-KMC	0.868	1.000
	2d-KMC	0.733	0.878	1.000
Cortisol	0 time	−0.713	−0.690	−0.759	1.000
	1d-KMC	−0.616	−0.521	−0.459	0.472	1.000
	2d-KMC	−0.784	−0.773	−0.676	0.639	0.756	1.000
Prolactin	0 time	0.478	0.501	0.499	−0.661	−0.529	−0.678	1.000
	1d-KMC	−0.014	0.301	0.238	−0.158	−0.005	−0.140	0.361	1.000
	2d-KMC	0.423	0.548	0.439	−0.374	−0.770	−0.746	0.572	0.545	1.000
IL-6	0 time	−0.056	0.018	−0.078	0.029	0.081	0.033	−0.210	−0.081	−0.111	1.000
	1d-KMC	−0.811	−0.801	−0.694	0.495	0.617	0.780	−0.669	−0.256	−0.568	0.157	1.000
	2d-KMC	−0.754	−0.737	−0.693	0.489	0.611	0.760	−0.707	−0.261	−0.568	0.344	0.947	1.000
IL-10	0 time	0.421	0.421	0.259	−0.219	0.154	−0.375	0.021	0.179	0.038	0.203	−0.312	−0.262	1.000
	1d-KMC	0.358	0.246	0.294	0.073	0.220	0.325	−0.211	0.087	−0.183	−0.138	0.120	0.140	−0.071	1.000
	2d-KMC	0.166	0.247	0.630	0.045	0.216	0.145	−0.107	0.054	−0.132	−0.173	−0.037	0.022	−0.018	0.886	1.000

Notes: Negative integer indicates negative correlation; positive integer denotes positive correlation; and value close to or equal to “0” denotes no correlation. Values “between −1 and 0”, of “0” and “from 0 to 1” are shaded by red, white and blue colours, respectively.