Feasibility and Acceptability of an ABCD Program for Child Development Among Skipped Families in Rural Thailand: A Pilot Study

Figures & data

Table 1 The ABCD Program Activities

Session	Activities	Methods and Materials	Multidisciplinary
Session 1 Day 1	Introduction to general developmental knowledge - Training sessions covering four modules including 1) A: aesthetic - Providing information and guidance related to singing and dancing on child development - Use of modified folk songs and dancing 2) Bedtime story - Emphasized the importance of telling stories before bedtime and discussion on benefit of telling the child stories.	- FGDs - Handout - ABCD package - Skill demonstration	- CDC teachers - Nurse practitioner - VHVs
Session 2 Day 2	3) C: connecting with nature - Explanation of the significance of providing the child opportunity to play in natural settings such as in parks, in their homes, on the school playground. 4) D: drawing - Introducing the significance of drawing in school aged children	- FGDs - Handout - ABCD package - Skill demonstrations	- CDC teachers - Nurse practitioner - VHVs
Session 3 week 1–3	VHVs 1st −3rd week home visit - Review of the previous session and summary ABCD program activities on child development and progress - Individual discussion of ABCD program activities - Encouraging the grandparents with about how to maintain ABCD activities and guidance	- Questionnaires - ABCD package	- Nurse practitioner - VHVs
Session 4	VHVs 4th week home visit - Review of the previous session and summary ABCD program activities on child development and progress - Individual discussion of ABCD program activities - Post program assessment	- Questionnaires - ABCD package - CDQ - Program satisfaction - FGDs - Supportive resources	-Nurse practitioner - VHVs
3 months	Re-assessment - DSPM	- Questionnaires	- CDC teachers

Figure 1 Flow chart of the ABCD program activities.

Table 2 Participants’ Demographics Data

Characteristics	Grandparents (n = 20)		Grandchildren (n = 20)
Gender
Men	3 (15%)		11 (55%)
Women	17 (85%)		9 (45%)
Age	Grandparents (years)		Grandchildren (months)
	40–45	2 (10.0%)	30–35	3 (15.0%)
	46–50	6 (30.0%)	36–40	5 (25.0%)
	51–55	6 (30.0%)	41–45	2 (10.0%)
	56–60	5 (25.0%)	46–50	3 (15.0%)
	61–65	1 (5.0%)	51–55	3 (15.0%)
			56–60	4 (20.0%)
	(Mean 52; SD 5.18)		(Mean 45; S.D 9.16)
Religion
Buddhist	12 (60.0%)		12 (60.0%)
Christianity	8 (40.0%)		8 (40.0%)
Education level
Uneducated	8 (40.0%)
Elementary school	11 (55.0%)
Junior high school	1 (5.0%)
Occupation
Employee	7 (35.0%)
Agriculturist	3 (15.0%)
Housewife	10 (50.0%)
Income (Bath)
< 5000	16 (80.0%)
5000–10,000	2 (10.0%)
10,000–15,000	2 (10.0%)

Table 3 Comparison of Child Development and Grandparents’ Knowledge at Week 0 and Week 12 (N = 20)

	Pretest n = 20	Posttest n = 20	Z	p-value
Gross Motor (GM)			0.000b	1.000
Normal	20 (100.0%)	20 (100.0%)
Suspected Delay	0 (0.0%)	(0.0%)
Fine Motor (FM)			−1.732c	0.83
Normal	17 (85.0%)	20 (100.0%)
Suspected Delay	3 (15.0%)	(0.0%)
Receptive Language (RL)			0.000b	1.000
Normal	20 (100.0%)	20 (100.0%)
Suspected Delay	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Expressive Language (EL)			0.000b	1.000
Normal	18 (90.0%)	18 (90.0%)
Suspected Delay	2 (10.0%)	2 (10.0%)
Personal and Social (PS)
Normal	17 (85.0%)	20 (100.0%)	−1.732c	0.83
Suspected Delay	3 (15.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Total
Normal	17 (85.0%)	18 (90.0%)	−1.000b	0.317
Suspected Delay	3 (15.0%)	2 (10.0%)
Grandparents’ knowledge score regarding the child development (n=20)	Mean 10.45 (S.D. 2.72)	Mean 11.95 (S.D. 1.85)	−2.445	0.024*

Note: *P<0.05.

Table 4 Satisfaction with the ABCD program of Grandparents

	Mean	S.D.	Range
Satisfaction rating scale 1–10	9	0.93	7–9