Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Post-Traumatic Growth: A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychiatric Nurses Suffering from Workplace Violence in Guangdong China

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Table 1 General Information of Participants

Item	Frequency	Proportion (%)
Gender
Female	966	80.4
Male	236	19.6
Age (years old)
21~30	520	43.3
31~40	460	38.3
41~50	185	15.4
51~60	37	3.1
Marital status
Unmarried	302	25.1
Married	868	72.2
Others	32	2.7
From single-child family
Yes	192	16.0
No	1010	84.0
Nursing experience (yrs)
≤10	662	55.1
11~20	334	27.8
21~30	165	13.7
31~40	37	3.1
≥41	4	0.3
Education background
Certificate for occupation	56	4.7
Diploma	386	32.1
Bachelor degree	721	60.0
Master degree or above	39	3.2
Professional title
Primary nurse (level I)	262	21.8
Charged nurse (level II)	430	35.8
Supervisor nurse (level III)	389	32.4
Associated senior nurse (level IV)	100	8.3
Senior nurse (level V)	21	1.7
Employment form
By government	543	45.2
By hospital	636	52.9
Others	23	1.9
Ward management type
Secluded	749	62.3
Semi-closed	219	18.2
Non-secluded	163	13.6
Not applicable	71	5.9
Level of hospital
Tertiary hospital	631	52.5
Secondary hospital	474	39.4
Others	97	8.1
Nature of hospital
Psychiatric hospital	1045	86.9
Psychiatric department of general hospital	125	10.4
Others	32	2.7

Table 2 Total Score of PTGI and the Average Score of Items Among Psychiatric Nurses in China 2023

Post-Traumatic Growth	Score Mean ± SD	Average Score of Items Mean
Insights on life	26.66±6.26	4.44±1.04
Personal strength	13.20±3.16	4.40±1.05
New possibilities	15.97±4.48	3.99±1.12
Relationship with others	12.55±3.33	4.18±1.11
Self-transformation	17.04±4.35	4.26±1.09
Total	65.75±20.20	3.29±1.01

Table 3 The Relationship Between Demographic and PTGI Among Psychiatric Nurses in China 2023

Item	Mean	Standard Deviation	t/F	P
Gender			−0.145	0.885
Female	65.70	19.51
Male	65.94	22.85
Age (years old)			1.571	0.195
21~30	64.42	21.98
31~40	66.46	19.71
41~50	67.01	17.01
≥51	69.32	12.62
Marital status			10.507	0.000
Unmarried	61.25	22.97
Married	67.37	18.80
Others	64.34	22.73
From single-child family			−2.236	0.026
Yes	62.77	21.36
No	66.32	19.93
Nursing experience (yrs)			2.214	0.065
≤10	64.29	22.20
11~20	68.06	17.74
21~30	66.25	17.19
31~40	68.84	13.99
≥41	64.50	8.89
Education background			20.306	0.000
Certificate for occupation	50.07	24.50
Diploma	63.60	21.62
Bachelor degree	67.44	17.87
Master degree or above	78.26	24.78
Professional title			4.532	0.001
Primary nurse (level I)	62.01	24.00
Charged nurse (level II)	65.61	19.86
Supervisor nurse (level III)	66.98	18.11
Associated senior nurse (level IV)	71.26	16.53
Senior nurse (level V)	66.29	20.78
Employment form			3.333	0.036
By government	66.77	17.97
By hospital	65.21	21.51
Others	56.52	28.79
Ward management type			0.193	0.901
Secluded	65.65	19.83
Semi-closed	65.21	22.16
Non-secluded	66.44	19.34
Not applicable	66.87	19.95
Level of hospital			3.899	0.021
Tertiary hospital	66.35	19.44
Secondary hospital	66.07	20.06
Others	60.29	24.66
Nature of hospital			2.602	0.075
Psychiatric hospital	65.60	20.09
Psychiatric department of general hospital	68.54	20.21
Others	59.84	22.67
JSE-HP			36.722	0.000
≤60	30.07	30.08
61~99	64.04	17.51
≥100	70.22	22.76
CCPAI			90.882	0.000
10~32	58.23	19.00
33~40	65.87	16.69
41~50	78.04	22.13
PCL-C			1.445	0.760
<38	65.63	20.96
≥38	66.02	18.34
CD-RISC			189.310	0.000
≤60	52.17	19.06
61–70	64.88	13.03
71–80	71.12	13.34
>80	83.47	19.38

Table 4 Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of PTGI Among Psychiatric Nurses in China 2023

Item	β	P
Marital status	0.113	0.000
From single-child family	0.064	0.026
Education background	0.202	0.000
Professional title	0.111	0.000
Employment form	−0.059	0.040
Level of hospital	−0.058	0.043
JSE-HP	0.194	0.000
CCPAI	0.359	0.000
CD-RISC	0.563	0.000

Table 5 Variables Associated with PTGI Identified from Multiple Linear Regression Model Among Psychiatric Nurses in China 2023

Item	Non-Standardized Coefficient		β	t	P	95% CI	VIF
	β	Standard Error
Constant	16.285	4.855		3.354	0.001	6.759, 25.810
Marital status	1.798	1.109	0.042	1.621	0.105	−0.378, 3.973	1.262
From single-child family	2.876	1.291	0.052	2.227	0.026	0.342, 5.409	1.010
Education background	3.465	0.832	0.108	4.165	0.000	1.833, 5.097	1.231
Professional title	0.198	0.625	0.009	0.317	0.751	−1.029, 1.425	1.634
Employment form	0.527	1.019	0.014	0.517	0.605	−1.473, 2.528	1.331
Level of hospital	0.016	0.786	0.000	0.020	0.984	−1.527, 1.558	1.138
CCPAI	2.851	0.747	0.106	3.815	0.000	1.385, 4.317	1.416
JSE-HP	2.343	1.035	0.057	2.264	0.024	0.312, 4.374	1.179
CD-RISC	8.656	0.468	0.484	18.479	0.000	7.737, 9.575	1.263