Variations in the Cadherin 23 Gene Associated With Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Figures & data

Table 1 The Results of Hardy-Weinberg Test and MAF

SNP	A1	A2	MAF	GENO(A1A1/A1A2/A2A2)	P (H-W)	Location
Rs3802720	T	C	0.214	25/259/441	0.10	UTR
Rs7087735	C	T	0.436	136/362/227	0.72	UTR
Rs1227049	C	G	0.306	59/337/329	0.04	Intron
Rs10999947	A	G	0.323	68/315/342	0.46	Exon
Rs3752752	T	C	0.413	139/334/252	0.11	Exon
Rs3752751	T	C	0.422	142/328/255	0.07	Exon
Rs10823829	C	T	/	/	/	UTR
Rs1227065	A	G	/	/	/	UTR
Rs10999978	T	C	0.165	31/192/502	0.89	UTR
Rs1227051	G	A	/	/	/	Intron
Rs3747867	T	C	0.162	13/200/512	0.23	Exon
Rs17712523	A	G	0.146	14/183/528	0.77	Exon
Rs10762480	T	C	0.151	15/181/529	1.00	Exon
Rs3802711	A	G	0.184	20/214/491	0.83	UTR
Rs11592462	G	C	0.191	18/230/477	0.14	UTR
Rs10466026	A	G	0.467	148/378/199	0.25	Exon
Rs4747194	A	G	0.469	151/378/199	0.22	UTR
Rs4747195	T	C	0.469	149/377/199	0.22	Exon

Abbreviations: SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele; MAF, minor allele frequency; H-W, Hardy-Weinberg test; UTR, Untranslated Region.

Table 2 Selected Characteristics of the Participants in the Study

Characteristic	Case (n=392)	Control (n=725)	T/χ^2	P
Age ( ±s, year)	40.9±8.2	40.3±8.3	1.32^a	0.23
Tenure exposure to noise (±s, year)	19.6±9.1	19.3±9.0	0.78^a	0.52
BHFTA [±s, dB]	51.3±9.0	18.6±8.2	53.32^a	<0.05
CNE [±s, dB(A)·year]	98.3±4.5	98.0±4.5	0.87^a	0.33
Sex [n (%)]
Male	375(95.7)	693(95.6)	0.00^b	0.95
Female	17(4.3)	32(4.4)
Smoke [n (%)]
Yes	252(64.3)	419(57.8)	4.50^b	0.03
No	140(35.7)	306(42.2)
Drink [n (%)]
Yes	268(68.4)	488(67.3)	0.13^b	0.72
No	124(31.6)	237(32.7)
Physical Exercise [n (%)]
Yes	162(41.3)	346(47.7)	4.21^b	0.04
No	230(58.7)	379(52.3)
Hypertension [n (%)]
Yes	161(41.1)	302(41.7)	0.04^b	0.85
No	231(58.9)	423(58.3)

Note:^at value; ^b χ² value; BHFTA: double ear high frequency average hearing threshold; CNE: cumulative noise exposure; Hypertension: blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg.

Table 3 The Significant Associations Between the CDH23 SNPs and NIHL

gene_rs number	Genotype	Control(N)	Case(N)	OR(95% CI)^#
CDH23_rs11592462
Additive model	CC/CG/GG	477/230/18	257/114/21	1.13(0.91,1.41)
Co-dominant model	CC	477	257	1
	CG	230	114	0.92(0.70,1.20)
	GG	18	21	2.40(1.26,4.56)
Dominant model	CC	477	257	1
	CG+GG	248	135	1.02(0.79,1.33)
Recessive model	CG+CC	707	371	1
	GG	18	21	2.47(1.31,4.66)

Abbreviations: CDH23, cadherin 23; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. OR (95% CI)^#:Adjusted for CNE (cumulative noise exposure), smoking, drinking, exercise and BP (blood pressure).

Table 4 The Association Between SNPs of CDH23 and NIHL Risk Stratified Analysis by Noise Exposure Level

gene_rs number	Genotype	Noise exposure level<85dB(A)			Noise exposure level≥85dB(A)
		Control	Case	OR(95% CI)^#	Control	Case	OR(95% CI)^#
CDH23_rs10999947
Co-dominant model	GG	150	83	1	192	90	1
	GA	131	68	0.91(0.61,1.37)	183	119	1.43(1.01,2.01)
Dominant model	GG	150	83	1	192	90	1
	GA+AA	159	79	0.88(0.59,1.29)	218	140	1.40(1.01,1.95)
CDH23_rs3802711
Additive model	GG/GA/AA	200/98/9	108/49/5	0.95(0.66,1.36)	288/111/11	139/81/9	1.44(1.07,1.94)
Co-dominant model	GG	200	108	1	288	139	1
	GA	98	49	0.88(0.58,1.35)	111	81	1.51(1.06,2.15)
Dominant model	GG	200	108	1	288	139	1
	GA+AA	107	54	0.91(0.60,1.36)	122	90	1.53(1.09,2.15)
CDH23_rs10762480
Co-dominant model	CC	220	121	1	307	1
	CT	81	38	0.81(0.52,1.27)	98	73	1.47(1.03,2.11)
Dominant model	CC	220	121	1	307	154	1
	CT+TT	89	42	0.84(0.54,1.29)	105	77	1.45(1.02,2.06)
CDH23_rs1227049
Dominant model	GG	139	71	1	190	123	1
	CC+GC	170	92	1.05(0.71,1.54)	222	108	0.76(0.55,1.05)
CDH23_rs11592462
Co-dominant model	CC	208	114	1	266	143	1
	GG	6	7	2.39(0.77,7.45)	12	16	2.53(1.16,5.52)
Recessive model	CG+CC	303	156	1	400	215	1
	GG	6	7	2.55(0.82,7.91)	12	16	2.53(1.17,5.48)

Abbreviations: CDH23, cadherin 23; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. OR (95% CI)^#:Adjusted for CNE (cumulative noise exposure), smoking, drinking, exercise and BP (blood pressure).

Table 5 The Association Between SNPs of CDH23 and NIHL Risk Stratified Analysis by CNE

gene_rs number	Genotype	CNE<85dB(A)/year			CNE≥85dB(A)/year			CNE≥97dB(A)/year
		Control	Case	OR(95% CI)^#	Control	Case	OR(95% CI)^#	Control	Case	OR(95% CI)^#
CDH23_rs10999947
Co-dominant model	GG	85	39	1	75	40	1	187	94	1
	GA	91	83	1.17(0.80,1.72)	50	83	1.43(1.01,2.01)	173	104	1.20(0.85,1.71)
Dominant model	GG	85	39	1	75	40	1	187	94	1
	GA+AA	95	66	1.09(0.75,1.57)	65	30	1.40(1.01,1.95)	202	123	1.21(0.87,1.70)
CDH23_rs3802711
Additive model	GG/GA/AA	114/64/8	75/53/5	0.99(0.71,1.38)	100/40/4	115/40/2	4.93(1.02,2.35)	274/105/8	132/77/7	1.48(1.08,2.02)
Co-dominant model	GG	114	95	1	100	40	1	274	132	1
	GA	74	33	0.94(0.63,1.41)	30	20	1.55(1.21,19.24)	105	77	1.50(1.04,2.15)
Dominant model	GG	114	115	1	100	40	1	274	132	1
	GA+AA	76	45	0.96(0.65,1.42)	40	15	1.68(1.12–2.52)	113	84	1.53(1.07,2.18)
CDH23_rs10762480
Co-dominant model	CC	122	72	1	111	52	1	294	151	1
	CT	89	48	1.00(0.66,1.51)	89	48	1.74(1.13–2.68)	90	63	1.31(0.90,1.92)
Dominant model	CC	89	48	1	89	48	1	294	151	1
	CT+TT	62	41	1.00(0.67,1.49)	35	11	1.47(1.03–2.11)	97	67	1.31(0.90,1.90)
CDH23_rs1227049
Dominant model	GG	101	67	1	60	14	1	168	113	1
	CC+GC	110	73	1.12(0.78,1.63)	59	22	132(0.89,1.74)	223	105	0.71(0.51,0.99)
CDH23_rs11592462
Co-dominant model	CC	174	76	1	50	40	1	250	141	1
	GG	6	6	2.26(0.79,6.44)	1	2	2.53(1.16–5.52)	11	15	2.46(1.09,5.55)
Recessive model	CG+CC	210	108	1	123	60	1	380	203	1
	GG	5	7	2.24(0.79,6.34)	2	1	2.53(1.17–5.48)	11	15	2.61(1.17,5.85)

Abbreviations: CDH23, cadherin 23; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss; CNE, cumulative noise exposure; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. OR(95% CI)^#:Adjusted for CNE, smoking, drinking, exercise and BP (blood pressure).