Understanding Care Needs of Older Adults with Disabilities: A Scoping Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Searching Strategy (Database-PubMed)

Set #	MeSH	Entry Terms	Searching Strategy	Number
1	Health Services Needs and Demand “Craving”[Mesh] “Help-Seeking Behavior”[Mesh]	Demand Care need Service need Social need Health need Nursing need unmet need health priorit Nursing priorit Care priorit requirement desire expectation support	“Care Demand*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Health Demand*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Nursing Demand*”[Title/Abstract] OR “social Demand*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Care need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Service need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Social need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Health need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Nursing need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “unmet need*”[Title/Abstract] OR “health priorit*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Nursing priorit*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Care priorit*”[Title/Abstract] OR “requirement*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Care support*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Health support*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Nursing support*”[Title/Abstract] OR “social support*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Care requirement*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Health requirement*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Nursing requirement*”[Title/Abstract] OR “social requirement*”[Title/Abstract] OR “Health Services Needs and Demand”[MeSH Terms] OR “Craving”[MeSH Terms] OR “Help-Seeking Behavior”[MeSH Terms]	426,388
2	“Aged”[Mesh] OR “Frail Elderly”[Mesh]	Elderly Old Older adults Centenarians Octogenarians Frail Elders	“elderly”[Title/Abstract] OR “old”[Title/Abstract] OR “Centenarians”[Title/Abstract] OR “Octogenarians”[Title/Abstract] OR “Frail Elders”[Title/Abstract] OR “Aged”[MeSH Terms] OR “Frail Elderly”[MeSH Terms] OR “Older adults”[Title/Abstract]	4,098,639
3	“Persons with Mental Disabilities’[Mesh] “Disabled Persons”[Mesh] “Persons With Hearing Impairments”[Mesh] “Amputees”[Mesh] “Visually Impaired Persons”[Mesh] “Blindness”[Mesh]	“Disabled Person” “Handicapped” “People with Disabilities” “People with Disability” “Persons with Disabilities” “Persons with Disability” “Physically Handicapped” “Physically Disabled” “Physically Challenged” “Intellectual Disability” “Mentally Retarded” “Hearing Impaired Persons” “Hearing Impaired Person” “Hearing Disabled Persons” “Hearing Disabled Person” “Deaf Persons” “Deaf Person” “Hard of Hearing Persons” “Visually Impaired Person” “Blind Persons” “Blind Person” “Deaf-Blind”	(“Disabled Person”[Title/Abstract] OR “Handicapped”[Title/Abstract] OR “People with Disabilities”[Title/Abstract] OR “People with Disability”[Title/Abstract] OR “Persons with Disabilities”[Title/Abstract] OR “Persons with Disability”[Title/Abstract] OR “Physically Handicapped”[Title/Abstract] OR “Physically Disabled”[Title/Abstract] OR “Physically Challenged”[Title/Abstract] OR “Intellectual Disability”[Title/Abstract] OR “Mentally Retarded”[Title/Abstract] OR “Hearing Impaired Persons”[Title/Abstract] OR “Hearing Impaired Person”[Title/Abstract] OR “Hearing Disabled”[Title/Abstract] OR “Deaf Persons”[Title/Abstract] OR “Deaf Person”[Title/Abstract] OR “Hard of Hearing Persons”[Title/Abstract] OR “Visually Impaired Person”[Title/Abstract] OR “Blind Persons”[Title/Abstract] OR “Blind Person”[Title/Abstract] OR “Deaf-Blind”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“Persons with Mental Disabilities”[Mesh] OR ‘Disabled Persons”[Mesh] OR “Persons With Hearing Impairments”[Mesh] OR “Amputees”[Mesh] OR “Visually Impaired Persons”[Mesh] OR “Blindness”[Mesh])	89,257
4	#1 and #2 and #3			1077

Figure 1 Results of the search strategy and the number of papers evaluated.

Figure 2 Number of studies published by year.

Table 2 Characteristics of the Participants Included in the Studies

Characteristics		n	%
Sampling method
	Not reported	24	0.429
	Convenient sampling	7	0.125
	Random sampling	5	0.089
	Purpose sampling	5	0.089
	Whole-group sampling	3	0.054
	Stratified random sampling	2	0.036
	Stratified sampling	2	0.036
	Stratified, multi-stage, whole-group probability proportional sampling	1	0.018
	Sampling by probability proportion	1	0.018
	Multi-stage stratified whole-group sampling	1	0.018
	Multi-stage whole-group sampling	1	0.018
	Multi-stage, split, equidistant and intentional combined sampling	1	0.018
	Multi-stage proportional random sampling	1	0.018
	Stratified multi-stage regional sampling method	1	0.018
	Stratified proportional sampling method	1	0.018
Condition under investigation
	ADL disability	35	0.625
	All Disability	11	0.196
	Post-stroke disability (physical disability)	3	0.054
	Mental disability	2	0.036
	Sensation disorders (visual or hearing disabilities)	1	0.018
	Visual disability	1	0.018
	Intellectual disability	2	0.036
	Hearing disability	1	0.018
Research tools
	Self-prepared questionnaire	22	0.393
	Secondary data	12	0.214
	Self-prepared interview syllabi	10	0.179
	Delphi Expert Consultation Questionnaire	3	0.054
	Long-term care needs of the elderly with disabilities scale developed by Cao et al (2018)	3	0.054
	Questionnaire on the needs of community support services for the disabled elderly	1	0.018
	Questionnaire for specialized care needs of stroke patients at home	1	0.018
	Barthel index (BI) and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ)	1	0.018
	Short musculoskeletal function assessments (SMAF)	1	0.018
	Video recording	1	0.018
	Self-prepared interview syllabi/self-developed questionnaire	1	0.018

Abbreviation: ADL, Activity of Daily Living.

Table 3 Summary of Findings on the Theme of Body Function Needs Based on the ICF Framework

Body Function Needs	ICF Code	Needs	Reference
Mental function needs	b134 Sleep	Sleep guidance	[19–26]
	b152 Emotional functions	Mental health guidance	[20–23,26–45]
	b156 Perceptual functions	Safety guidance for home environment	[19,21,27,28,34,46–48]
Physical function needs	b230 Hearing	Maintenance and care of hearing aids	[34]
	b235 Vestibular (incl. balance functions)	Prevention and management of falls	[19,22,37]
	b280 Pain	Pain management	[19,20,22,28,34]
	b410 Heart	CPR skills guidance	[22]
		Pulse measurement	[22,23,27,28,34]
	b420 Blood pressure	Blood pressure measurement	[22,23,27,28,34,35,37,46,49]
	b440 Respiration (breathing)	Pulmonary sputum evacuation	[20,22,27,34,50]
		Tracheotomy care	[22,27,28]
		Pneumonic pneumonia preventive care	[28]
		Respiratory function exercise instruction	[22]
		Oxygen therapy	[22,27,28,34,46,51]
		Nebulized inhalation	[22,27,28,34]
	b515 Digestive	Gastric tube care, nasal feeding	[26–28,43,52]
		Rationalize meals	[19,22,23,26,27,29,33,34,36,53]
		Nutritional status evaluation and support	[19,21–23,25–28,46,50]
	b525 Defecation	Stool incontinence care	[21,28,52]
		Constipation care (enema)	[21,22,50]
	b555 Endocrine glands (hormonal changes)	Blood glucose measurement	[27,28,34,35,37,46,49]
		Insulin injections	[27]
	b620 Urination functions	Urinary catheter care	[22,27,28,50,52,54]
		Bladder irrigation	[22,51]
		Perineal irrigation	[22,50]
		Urine care	[20,21,34,35]
	b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions	Function training	[19,20,22,23,28,46,48,50]
		Exercise instruction	[21–23,25]
	b8 Functions of the skin and related structures	Preventing and managing stress injuries	[19–23,26,28,34,35,50–52]
		Bedside instruction	[36,48]
		Ostomy care	[22,23,28,34]
		Foot care	[25]
		Medication change	[27,28,34]
		Wound care	[22–24,28,46,50]
Other body functions	Any other body functions	Care of the inserted line	[22,23,27,28,34,46,48]
		Intravenous infusion	[22,27,34,43,52]
		Intramuscular injection	[22,28,34,43,52]
		Subcutaneous injection	[22,28,34,43]
		Intravenous blood collection	[27,28]
		Traditional Chinese medicine care	[28,36]
		Acupuncture and Tuina	[27]
		Compressing and cupping	[27]

Note: Disability and Health framework.

Abbreviations: CPR, Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation; ICF, WHO International Classification of Functioning.

Table 4 Summary of Findings on the Theme of Activity and Participation Needs Based on the ICF Framework

Activity and Participation Needs	ICF Code	Needs	Reference
Knowledge acquisition and application needs	d175 Solving problems	Disease prevention and treatment knowledge guidance	[33,34,36,37,39,43,53,56,57]
		Nursing knowledge and skills guidance	[21,27,29,31,32,47,51,58]
		Home rehabilitation training guidance	[19,21,23,26,27,29,33–35,37,39–41,43,46–48,50,53,55–57,59,60]
		Safety and security guidance	[23,26,34,49]
		Guidance on prevention of infectious diseases	[19,36,46]
		Guidance on the prevention and management of chronic diseases	[19,22,23,26,31,32,36,46]
		Disability prevention and complication-related nursing guidance	[19,46]
		Health care knowledge guidance, lectures	[19,33,41,45,49]
Traveling and social needs	d350 Conversation	Assist with phone calls	[25,38,46,50,54,61,62]
		Participate in social, cultural, and recreational activities	[19–23,29,34,35,40,53,60,63,64]
	d920 Recreation and leisure	Chatting	[23,25,26,35,38,41,42,53,59,65,66]
	d4 Mobility	Mobility, travel	[22–25,29,31,34–36,38,46,50,53,54,61–64,66–70]
Home care needs	d510 Washing oneself (bathing, drying, washing hands, etc)	Assisting in bathing	[22–25,28,34–36,39,46,50,52–54,59,61–64,66,67,69,70]
	d520 Caring for body parts (brushing teeth, shaving, grooming, etc.)	Assist in washing up	[46,51,62,64,69]
		Oral care	[22,28,34,50]
		Assist in combing hair	[35,38,46,50,52,59,61,62,64,69]
	d530 Toileting	Assist in going to the toilet	[19,22–24,27,36,38,46,51,53,54,59,62,64,69,70]
	d540 Dressing	Assist in dressing and undressing	[22,23,25,38,46,50,53,61,62,70]
	d550 Eating	Assistance with meals	[22–25,35,38,39,46,51,53,61,62,64,69,70]
	d570 Looking after one’s health	Medication	[23,25,26,34,35,46,52,61]
		Physical cooling	[27]
	d620 Acquisition of goods and services (shopping, etc.)	Assistance with shopping	[31,35,38,46,61,62,64,66,67]
	d630 Preparation of meals (cooking, etc.)	Assistance with cooking	[22,25,31,36,38,40,41,46,52,59,61,62,64,66,67,71]
	d640 Doing housework (cleaning house, washing dishes, laundry, ironing, etc.)	Assistance with household chores	[22,23,25,31,35,39,46,51,59,61,62,64,66–68]
		Assistance with laundry	[22,23,25,35,38,46,53,59,61,62,71]

Note: Disability and Health framework.

Abbreviation: ICF, WHO International Classification of Functioning.

Table 5 Summary of Findings on the Theme of Environment Needs Based on the ICF Framework

Environment Needs	ICF Code	Needs	Reference
Needs for daily objects	e115 For personal use in daily living	Guidance on the use of specialist care equipment	[28]
		Selection and application of life aids	[19,22,23,28,46,54,55]
		Maintenance and care of dentures	[34]
Needs for relatives and health personnel	e310 Immediate family	Training for people with disabilities and their relatives and friends	[9,41]
	e355 Health professionals	Accompanying treatment	[31,53,66]
		Supervision of medical compliance	[29]
		Medication safety management	[9,19,21–23,27,28,36,37,48,51–53]
	e450 Individual attitudes of health professionals	Caregiver attitude	[20]
Needs for health service provision	e580 Health services, systems, and policies	Assistance in seeking medical treatment	[22,40,43,46,47,66,72]
		Emergency care	[22,23,29,33,34,46]
		Regular medical checkups	[19,22,30,32,34,43,47,49,53,59]

Note: Disability and Health framework.

Abbreviation: ICF, WHO International Classification of Functioning.

Che XW, Shen J. Development of a health education needs questionnaire for elderly people with disabilities based on Delphi method. Chin J Gerontol. 2015;18. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2015.18.120

 Google Scholar

Wang YH, Feng YN, Hou WW, Wu FC. Long-term care need of the Xinjiang-aiding han national disabled elderly and their home caregivers. Chin Gen Pract. 2013;16(11). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2013.04.058

 Google Scholar

Chang HX, Du J, Ma XH. Investigation and analysis of the demands for community health service among severely disabled elderly. Chin J Soc Med. 2018;35(3). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5625.2018.03.014

 Google Scholar

Gao XF, Zhang LZ, Huang LQ, Li XW. The construction of an index system for professional care needs of urban elderly with disabilities at home based on Delphi method. Nurs Rehabil J. 2022;21(10):32–6+40. doi:10.3969/j.issn.16719875.2022.10.008

 Google Scholar

Xu P Nanchang Community Home Care Needs of Disabled Elderly Long-Term Care and Classification of Content to Explore [ Master]. Nanchang University; 2015.

 Google Scholar

Zhang YJ, Liu YS, Hu TY, Yu CN. Study of long⁃term care needs of disabled elderly with chronic respiratory disease. Chin Nurs Res. 2021;35(1):01. 010. doi:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2021

 Google Scholar

Zuo DX, Zuo DQ, Jiang JX, Zhang YJ, Zhang J, Shi Y. Survey analysis of specialized care needs of disabled elderly people after stroke in five general hospitals in Shanghai. Chin J Mod Nurs. 2020;26:15.

 Google Scholar

Li HQ. Survey on the needs of elderly aphasic patients and nursing countermeasures. Med J Chin Civ Adm. 2000;3:173–174.

 Google Scholar

Zhong KY The Survey of Long-Term Care Needs of Elderly with Different Degrees of Disability Based on Kano Model [ Master]. China Medical University; 2022.

 Google Scholar

Guo YT, Hao Y, Zhang Y. The disabled elderly service needs research of elderly home care in city———A Case Study of Changning District in Shanghai. Sci Res Aging. 2017;5:3.

 Google Scholar

Shen T, Wang NN, Liu PY, Wang X. Survey study on nursing needs of 120 disabled elderly people based on perspective of community home care. Chongqing Med. 2020;49(09):1520–1524. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2020.09.033

 Google Scholar

Zhang YJ Research On Quality Of Life And Nursing Needs Of Disabled Elderly In Rural Area In Kaifeng [ Master]. Henan University; 2015.

 Google Scholar

Kietzman KG, Wallace SP, Durazo EM, et al. A portrait of older Californians with disabilities who rely on public services to remain independent. Home Health Care Serv Q. 2012;31(4):317–336. doi:10.1080/01621424.2012.734744

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Okamoto AZ. Need assessment of visiting nursing and rehabilitation services for noninstitutionalized elderly. J Aging Health. 1997;9(4):514–528. doi:10.1177/089826439700900405

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zhang R, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Zhai S, Zhou J, Chen J. The multi-subject cooperation mechanism of home care for the disabled elderly in Beijing: a qualitative research. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23(1):186. doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01777-w

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Chen HR, Gao XL, Liu YS. Study on the status, demands and its influencing factors of integrated care among the disabled elderly. J Nurs Adm. 2022;22(8). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-315x.2022.08.003

 Google Scholar

Liu LL The Investigation About Life Quality of Family Caregivers and Compulsory Community Care for Alzheimer Patient in WuHan [ Master]. Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; 2010.

 Google Scholar

Lai L, Wu XQ, Xie JF, Tang SY, Duan YL. A qualitative study on the needs of long-term care and rehabilitation of disabled elderly from the perspective of community pension. Mod Nurs. 2021;28(06):1–5. doi:10.19792/j.cnki.1006-6411.2021.17.001

 Google Scholar

Xie Q, Cai M, Zhou YP, Peng CH, Lu YM. Survey on the demand for community health services for the disabled elderly in Guangzhou. Pract Clin Med. 2018;19(09):94–96. doi:10.13764/j.cnki.lcsy.2018.09.036

 Google Scholar

Zhang J, Cong YN, Li HL, Lu J, Zhou JW. Investigation and analysis of long-term care needs of disabled elderly people at home. Jiangsu Health Syst Manage. 2020;31:8.

 Google Scholar

Zhu XH, Liu L, Yang B. Survey research on the demand for elderly services for the disabled in Zhengzhou City. China Med Eng. 2019;27(6). doi:10.19338/j.issn.167-2019.2019.06.131

 Google Scholar

Anderson WL, Wiener JM. The impact of assistive technologies on formal and informal home care. Gerontologist. 2015;55(3):422–433. doi:10.1093/geront/gnt165

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Li F, Wei W. A study on the needs of family visits for home care of disabled elderly. Electron J Pract Clinical Nurs Sci. 2019;4(41):2–3.

 Google Scholar

Turcotte PL, Larivière N, Desrosiers J, et al. Participation needs of older adults having disabilities and receiving home care: met needs mainly concern daily activities, while unmet needs mostly involve social activities. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15:95. doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0077-1

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Jiang H, Xiao S, Hu H, He H. Study on the measurement and influencing factors of care service demand of disabled elderly in Urban and Rural China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17). doi:10.3390/ijerph191711112

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zuo DX, Zuo DQ, Jiang JX, Dong HQ, Yang X, Shi Y. A qualitative study on the needs of home care service for disabled elderly patients after stroke. China Med Herald. 2020;17:16.

 Google Scholar

Ying Y, Huang L, Shen L, Zhou C, Zhu X, Yin Z. Rehabilitation psychological experience of the elderly within 6 months of initial disability: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(11):2332–2339. doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1833091

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Liu R, Guo S, Yang SQ. Community care needs of disabled elderly people in Beijing. China Cont Med Edu. 2017;9(31):131–133. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2017.31.072

 Google Scholar

Wang SH. Survey on the demand for medical and nursing care for the disabled elderly in changde city. Charming Chin. 2021;39:31. doi:10.12294/j.issn.1673-0992.2021.39.035

 Google Scholar

Feng ZF, Zhou ZH. Survey on the health status and health service needs of the elderly disabled community in Kaifeng City. Chin J Gerontol. 2015;35(12):3402–3404. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2015.12.102

 Google Scholar

Chen HY, Lin YQ, Wang YY, Xu HF. Investigation on mental health education needs of senile patients with mental disorders in community. Health Educ Health Promot. 2019;14(1). doi:10.16117/j.cnki.31-1974/r.201901012

 Google Scholar

Chen LL, Deng RL, Chen SH, Zhang JH, Duan MJ. Survey and study on nursing needs of disabled elderly in elderly care institution. Nurs Rehabil J. 2016;15(6). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9875.2016.06.007

 Google Scholar

Wang JH, Chen ZY. An analysis of the demand and factors influencing the integration of community care and health care for the elderly with disabilities. Health Manage. 2021;16:191–192.

 Google Scholar

Kong WY, Ceng HY, Li L, Fan XW. Targeted Solutions to public service system loopholes——Take the elderly care service for the disabled in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province as an example. Macroecon Manage. 2020;7:78–85.

 Google Scholar

Zhang H, Shen J, Yu XL. Current status of long-term care needs of disabled elders in medical and nursing institutions and its influence factors: a 352-case study. J Nurs. 2020;27(21). doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2020.21.007

 Google Scholar

Dubuc N, Dubois MF, Raîche M, Gueye NR, Hébert R. Meeting the home-care needs of disabled older persons living in the community: does integrated services delivery make a difference? BMC Geriatr. 2011;11:67. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-67

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R. Unmet needs among disabled elderly Malaysians. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(5):859–863. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.047

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Wu D, Gao X, Xie Z, Xu Z. Understanding the unmet needs among community-dwelling disabled older people from a linkage perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2). doi:10.3390/ijerph18020389

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Tang Q, Yuan M, Wu W, et al. Health status and individual care needs of disabled elderly at home in different types of care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18). doi:10.3390/ijerph191811371

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Xu J Research on Home Care Bed Design Based on User Behavior Analysis [ Master]: Hubei University of Technology; 2018.

 Google Scholar

Chen S, Zheng J, Chen C, et al. Unmet needs of activities of daily living among a community-based sample of disabled elderly people in Eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):160. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0856-6

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Bennion A, Forshaw MJ. Insights from the experiences of older people with hearing impairment in the United Kingdom: recommendations for nurse-led rehabilitation. Int J Older People Nurs. 2013;8(4):270–278. doi:10.1111/j.1748-3743.2012.00318.x

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Ling XC. Analysis of the demand for community services and its influencing factors among the disabled elderly in the context of graded care and health care integration. Chin Gen Pract Nurs. 2020;18(26). doi:10.12104/j.issn.1674-4748.2020.26.040

 Google Scholar

Liu T, Yu JY, Zhu SH, Jiang H. Research on supply and demand of long⁃term care for disabled elderly in rural areas. Chin Nurs Res. 2020;34(22). doi:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2020.22.038

 Google Scholar

Allen SM, Mor V. The prevalence and consequences of unmet need. Contrasts between older and younger adults with disability. Med Care. 1997;35(11):1132–1148. doi:10.1097/00005650-199711000-00005

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Jiao JW Analysis of the Main Influencing Factors of Malfunctional Population Care Services Based on Health Insurance Perspective [ Master]. Shandong University; 2021.

 Google Scholar

Liu ZZ, Jing LJ, Wang X, Ma XH, Xia XL, Li L. Satisfaction degree and influencing factors of the daily care needs of the rural home-based elderly disabled people in China from the perspective of family resource endowment. Mod Prevent Med. 2022;49(15). doi:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2020.22.038

 Google Scholar

Harries U, Landes R, Popay J. Visual disability among older people: a case study in assessing needs and examining services. J Public Health Med. 1994;16(2):211–218. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042959

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Che XW, Ren NJ, Shen J. Analysis for the influencing factors of rehabilitation needs for rural elderly people with disabilities. J Nurs Training. 2012;27(22). doi:10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2012.22.002

 Google Scholar

Alhusein N, Macaden L, Smith A, Stoddart KM, Taylor AJ. ‘Has she seen me?’: a multiple methods study of the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment in Scotland. BMJ open. 2018;8(8):e023198. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023198

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Yang YH, Wang LH. A study on the social security needs of mentally disabled people of different age groups: a survey and reflection based on rural disabled people in Northeast China. Heilongjiang Soc Sci. 2014;1:90–97.

 Google Scholar

Li B, Yuan Y. Investigation on Living status and medical care needs of home-based disabled elderly and their caregivers in community. Community Physicians China. 2022;38(28). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2022.28.045

 Google Scholar