Preoperative Physical Dysfunction Characteristics and Influence Factors Among Elderly Patients with Early Lung Cancer: A Latent Class Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Elderly Patients with Early Lung Cancer

Characteristics	Total Sample (N=227) Number (Percentage, %)
Gender
Male	110(48.46%)
Female	117(51.54%)
Age
60~75y	194(85.46%)
≥75y	33(14.54%)
Education level
Primary school degree or below	79(34.80%)
Secondary school education	132(58.15%)
College degree and above	16(7.05%)
Previous occupation
Unemployed	18(7.93%)
Farmer and worker	151(66.52%)
Staff	58(25.55%)
Body mass index
<18.5	18(7.93%)
18.5~23.9	120(52.86%)
>23.9	89(39.21%)
Chronic disease history
No	161(70.93%)
Yes	66(29.07%)
COPD history
No	214(94.27%)
Yes	13(5.73%)
Smoking history
No	187(82.38%)
Yes	40(17.62%)
Alcohol consumption history
No	207(91.19%)
Yes	20(8.81%)
Perceived social support level
Medium-low support level	97(42.73%)
High support level	130(57.27%)

Table 2 Occurrence of Preoperative Physical Dysfunction

Physical Dysfunction	Total Sample (N=227) Number (Percentage, %)
Low FEV1/FVC	81(31.72%)
Low ppo FEV1	96(42.29%)
Low ppo DLCO	124(54.63%)
Low PEF	49(21.59%)
Low HB	37(16.30%)
Low ALB	91(40.09%)
Low 6MWD	127(55.95%)
Low UGS	89(39.21%)
Low FTSST	106(46.70%)
Low TUGT	111(48.90%)
Low FP	137(60.35%)
Low NRS2002	10(4.41%)
Low Mini-cog	2(0.88%)
Low HADS	121(53.30%)
Low PSQI	92(40.53%)

Table 3 Fit Indices of Latent Profile Analysis of Preoperative Physical Dysfunction Characteristics in Elderly Patients with Early Lung Cancer

Model	K	LL	AIC	BIC	aBIC	LMR	BLRT	Entropy	Class Probability
1	9	−1394.882	2807.764	2838.588	2810.065	–	–	–	–
2	19	−1328.134	2694.268	2759.342	2699.126	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	0.59/ 0.41
3	29	−1288.338	2634.677	2734.000	2642.091	0.005	<0.001	0.871	0.21/0.38/0.41
4	39	−1269.191	2616.383	2749.956	2626.354	0.229	<0.001	0.852	0.14/0.15/0.37/0.35
5	49	−1250.679	2599.357	2767.180	2611.885	0.261	<0.001	0.880	0.13/0.19/0.15/0.29/0.24

Abbreviations: K, Number of parameters freely estimated; LL, Log likelihood; AIC, Akaike information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; aBIC, adjusted Bayesian information criterion; LMR, LoMendell-Rubin; BLRT, Bootstrapped likelihood ratio test.

Figure 1 Preoperative Physical Dysfunction Characteristics in Elderly Patients with Early Lung Cancer for Each Latent Subgroup.

Table 4 Results of Demographic Characteristics Among Preoperative Dysfunction Subgroups

Variables	C1(n=48)	C2(n=87)	C3(n=92)	Test Statistics	P
Gender [Number (Percentage, %)]
Male	24(50.00)	42(48.28)	44(47.83)	0.0621^a)	0.970
Female	24(50.00)	45(51.72)	48(52.17)
Age [Number (Percentage, %)]
60~75y	44(91.67)	78(89.66)	72(78.26)	6.559^a)	0.037
≥75y	4(8.33)	9(10.34)	20(21.74)
Education level [Number (Percentage, %)]
Primary school degree or below	16(33.33)	29(33.33)	34(36.96)	4.164^a)	0.401
Secondary school education	31(64.58)	52(59.77)	49(53.26)
College degree and above	1(2.08)	6(6.90)	9(9.78)
Previous occupation [Number (Percentage, %)]
Unemployed	5(10.42)	9(10.34)	4(4.35)	2.940^a)	0.583
Farmer and worker	31(64.58)	56(64.37)	64(69.57)
Staff	12(25.00)	22(25.29)	24(26.09)
Body mass index [Number (Percentage, %)]
<18.5	6(12.50)	7(8.05)	5(5.43)	8.078^a)	0.100
18.5~23.9	18(37.50)	45(51.72)	57(61.96)
>23.9	24(50.00)	35(40.23)	30(32.61)
Chronic disease history [Number (Percentage, %)]
No	34(70.83)	71(81.61)	56(60.87)	9.327^a)	0.009
Yes	14(29.17)	16(18.39)	36(39.13)
COPD history [Number (Percentage, %)]
No	41(85.42)	85(97.70)	88(95.65)	7.603^b)	0.017
Yes	7(14.58)	2(2.30)	4(4.35)
Smoking history [Number (Percentage, %)]
No	34(70.83)	77(88.51)	79(85.87)	7.615^a)	0.021
Yes	14(29.17)	10(11.49)	13(14.13)
Alcohol consumption history [Number (Percentage, %)]
No	41(85.42)	78(89.66)	88(95.65)	4.694^a)	0.099
Yes	7(14.58)	9(10.34)	4(4.35)
Perceived social support level [Number (Percentage, %)]
Medium-low support level	6(12.50)	80(91.95)	11(11.96)	139.668^a)	P<0.001
High support level	42(87.50)	7(8.05)	81(88.04)

Notes: ^a)Chi-square test; ^b)Fisher’s exact test.

Table 5 Results of Multinomial Logistic Regression

Predictor	β	Standard Error	Wald Chi-Square	P	OR (95% CI)
Pulmonary hypofunction-low activity tolerance group versus frailty of physical function group
Chronic disease history
Yes	−1.096	0.493	4.950	0.026	0.334(0.127~0.878)
No					1.000
Age
≥75y	−1.214	0.614	3.909	0.048	0.297(0.089~0.989)
60~75y					1.000
COPD history
Yes	1.951	0.795	6.021	0.014	7.035(1.481~33.422)
No					1.000
Smoking history
Yes	1.139	0.448	6.466	0.011	3.124(1.298~7.518)
No					1.000
Anxiety/depression emotion-poor sleep group versus frailty of physical function group
Age
≥75y	−1.615	0.662	5.963	0.015	0.199(0.054~0.727)
60–75y					1.000
Chronic disease history
Yes	−1.802	0.589	9.368	0.002	0.165(0.052~0.523)
No					1.000
Perceived social support level
Medium-low support level	4.910	0.592	68.701	P<0.001	135.641(42.477~433.139)
High support level					1.000

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.