Self-Efficacy’s Mediating Role in the Relationship Between Self-Perceived Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older-Adult Inpatients in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ Demographic Characteristics (n = 514)

Characteristics	Variable	Frequency	Percent (%)
Gender	Male	284	55.3
	Female	230	44.7
Age	60–69	215	41.8
	70–79	236	45.9
	>80	63	12.3
Education	Junior middle school and below	361	70.2
	Senior middle school	124	24.2
	College degree	17	3.3
	Master’s degree and above	12	2.3
Income	Low-income	247	48.1
	Middle-income	256	49.8
	High-income	11	2.1
Marital status	Unmarried	2	0.3
	Married	461	89.7
	Divorced	7	1.4
	Bereft	44	8.6
Modes of health insurance payment	Self-pay	24	4.7
	Basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents	134	26.1
	Basic medical insurance for employees	356	69.2

Table 2 Correlations Among Self-Efficacy, SPB and HRQoL

Outcome Variables	1	2	3	Mean	SD
Self-Efficacy	1.00			21.8	8.1
SPB	−0.891**	1.00		23.5	8.7
HRQoL	0.471**	−0.516**	1.00	53.8	20.2

Notes: **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: SPB, self-perceived burden; HRQoL, health-related quality of life;SD standard deviation.

Table 3 Mediation Effect of Self-Efficacy Between SPB and HRQoL

Dependent Variable	Independent Variable	β	SE	95% CI		R^2	F
				LLCI	ULCI
HRQoL	SPB	−9.549***	0.700	−10.9242	−8.1731	0.267	93.092
Self-efficacy	SPB	−2.828***	0.019	−0.8649	−0.7915	0.794	1969.379
HRQoL	Self-efficacy	1.071***	1.659	−2.1882	4.3304	0.267	185.98
	SPB	−6.662***	1.542

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: SPB, self-perceived burden; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; LLCI, lower-level confidence interval; ULCI, upper-level confidence interval; SE, standard error.

Figure 1 Schematic model of self-efficacy as the mediator between SPB and HRQoL.

Notes: Path a is the effect of SPB on the Self-Efficacy. Path b is the effect of Self-Efficacy acting on The HRQoL. Path c’ means after controlling for the mediation effect, the effect of SPB on the Self-Efficacy.