A Scoping Review of Assertiveness Therapy for Reducing Bullying Behavior and Its Impacts Among Adolescents

Figures & data

Figure 1 PRISMA Flow Diagram.

Note: Adapted from Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:1–11. Creative Commons.^34.

Table 1 JBI Critical Appraisal Tool

Authors, Published Year	JBI Critical Appraisal Tool	Study Design
(Najafabadi et al, 2020)^Citation36	88,9% (8/9)	Quasi-experiment
(Avşar & Ayaz Alkaya, 2017)^Citation25	100% (9/9)	Quasi-experiment
(Ekwelundu, 2022)^Citation37	88,9% (8/9)	Quasi-experiment
(Utami et al, 2019)^Citation27	77.8% (8/9)	Quasi-experiment
(Sudha, 2019)^Citation38	88,9% (8/9)	Quasi-experimental
(Lubis, 2020)^Citation39	84,6% (11/13)	Quasi-experimental
(Mohammadi et al, 2021)^Citation31	88,9% (8/9)	Quasi-experimental
(Utami et al, 2020)^Citation24	92,3% (12/13)	Randomized control trial
(Herman et al, 2020)^Citation28	88,9% (8/9)	Quasi experimental
(Sadeli & Karneli, 2022)^Citation29	100% (9/9)	Quasi-experiment

Table 2 Extraction Data

No	Author & Year	Outcome	Country	Design	Sample	Intervention	Instrument	Result
1.	(Najafabadi et al, 2020)^Citation36	Effectiveness of assertiveness therapy on bullying	Iran	Quasi-experiment	32 adolescents 15–17 years old	Assertiveness therapy based education	University of Illinois Bully Scale (UIBS) Mean ± SD pretest= 32.93±6.38 Mean ± SD posttest= 27.5± 4.24	Effective to reduce bullying behavior and performance under pressure (p<0.05).
2.	(Avşar & Ayaz Alkaya, 2017)^Citation25	Effectiveness of an assertiveness therapy for peer bullying and assertiveness	Turkey	Quasi-experiment	36 students (mean age 11.5)	Assertiveness therapy-based counseling	The Peer Victimization Scale (PVS) Mean ± SD pretest= 6.4 ± 9.7 Mean ± SD posttest= 4.4 ± 4.9	Effective to reduce peer-victimization bully dimension of the students’ (p<0.05)
3.	(Ekwelundu, 2022)^Citation37	Examined the effect of the Assertiveness therapy technique on bullying behaviors	Nigeria	Quasi-experiment	94 students	Assertiveness therapy technique-based counseling	Students Bullying Behaviour Questionnaire (SBBQ) Mean pretest= 80.78 Mean posttest= 63.82	Effective in reducing bullying behaviors (p=0.001)
4.	(Utami et al, 2019)^Citation27	Effect of assertiveness therapy and bullying behaviors on self-assertiveness among victims of bullying	Indonesia	Quasi-experiment	50 middles schools students	Assertiveness therapy based education	The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) High assertiveness pretest= 9 respondents and low assertiveness pretest=16 High assertiveness posttest= 20 respondents and low assertiveness posttest=5	Assertiveness therapy can affect assertiveness in early adolescent victims of bullying and reduce bullying behaviors (p=0.003)
5.	(Sudha, 2019)^Citation38	Reduce bullying behaviors	India	Quasi-experimental	885 girls middles schools aged 10–13 years	Assertiveness therapy Program based education	Self-reported aggressive behaviours scale Mean ± SD pretest= 2.47± 0.507 Mean ± SD posttest= 1.27± 0.450	Effective for reducing bullying behaviors (P < 0.00)
6.	(Lubis, 2020)^Citation39	Effectiveness of assertiveness group format training for improving students’ interpersonal relationship skills.	Indonesia	Quasi-experimental	20 students of class VIII high school	Assertiveness therapy Group Format-based counseling	A scale of interpersonal skills Mean pretest= 132 Mean posttest= 200	Effective for improving students’ interpersonal relationship skills and reducing bullying behavior (p=0,015)
7.	(Mohammadi et al, 2021)^Citation31	Effectiveness of assertiveness therapy on assertion and social problem solving to prevent bullying behavior	Iran	quasi-experimental	60 students aged 11–17 years	Assertiveness therapy-based games	Social problem solving inventory Assertion inventory	Significant effect on the level of assertion and problem solving on victims of bullying (p<0.05)
8.	(Utami et al, 2020)^Citation24	Effectiveness of group counseling using though stopping and assertiveness therapy techniques in increasing the self-esteem and reducing bullying behavior	Indonesia	Randomized control trial	51 adolescents	Counseling using though stopping and assertiveness therapy	The Rosenberg Self esteem Scale Mean (SD) pretest: 25.71 (2.62) Mean (SD) posttest: 41.85 (1.77)	Significant for reducing bullying behavior and increasing self-esteem (p=0.000)
9.	(Herman et al, 2020)^Citation28	Reducing bullying behaviors	Indonesia	Quasi experimental	81 high school students aged 12–18 years	ASSERTIVENESS THERAPY-based games	Adolescent peer relation instrument (APRI) Mean ± SD pretest= 28.53± 6.34 Mean ± SD posttest= 25.47± 3.93	Effective on reducing bullying behavior and would be able to prevent bullying in adolescents (p=0.001)
10.	(Sadeli & Karneli, 2022)^Citation29	Reducing anxiety among victims of bullying	Indonesia	Quasi-experiment	24 senior high school students	Assertiveness therapy-based games	Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)	Effective in reducing bullying victim’s anxiety

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:1–11.

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