The Association Between Obesity Measures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adolescents Aged 10–18 Years

Figures & data

Figure 1 Selection of study participants.

Abbreviation: KNHNES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Study Participants

Variables	Total (n=1664)	Boys (n=893)	Girls (n=771)	F	η^2	df	p
Age (years)	13.9±2.5	13.9±2.5	13.9±2.5	0.004	0.001	1	0.965
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.6±3.6	20.9±3.8	20.2±3.4	14.916	0.009	1	<0.001
WC (cm)	69.1±9.8	71.0±10.4	66.9±8.5	75.192	0.043	1	<0.001
WHR	0.43±0.05	0.43±0.06	0.43±0.05	8.067	0.005	1	0.005
SBP (mmHg)	106.5±10.7	108.9±11.2	103.8±9.3	101.142	0.058	1	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	66.6±9.3	67.3±10.2	65.7±8.0	12.145	0.007	1	<0.001
FBG (mg/dL)	89.0±9.3	89.6±6.2	88.4±6.4	14.182	0.008	1	<0.001
TC (mg/dL)	157.8±26.9	153.7±27.8	162.6±25.1	45.479	0.027	1	<0.001
TG (mg/dL)	85.0±52.2	84.0±51.0	86.2±53.5	0.649	0.001	1	0.408
HDLC (mg/dL)	49.5±9.5	48.4±9.4	50.7±9.5	24.761	0.015	1	<0.001
cMetS	0.06±2.87	0.47±2.94	−0.42±2.72	40.586	0.024	1	<0.001
VPA (min/week)	1775±3206	1716±3190	1800±3226	0.220	0.001	1	0.592
MPA (min/week)	1759±3204	1724±3187	1800±3226	0.274	0.001	1	0.630
PRO (g/day)	75.0±36.6	83.8±38.4	65.2±31.6	103.385	0.065	1	<0.001
FAT (g/day)	55.1±35.2	60.6±36.8	48.9±32.1	42.008	0.027	1	<0.001
CHO (g/day)	330.4±126.9	363.9±129.0	292.6±113.2	127.684	0.079	1	<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; VPA, vigorous physical activity; MPA, moderate physical activity; PRO, proteins; FAT, fats; CHO, carbohydrates. cMetS: continuous metabolic syndrome score.

Table 2 Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Components

Components of MetS	Total	Boys	Girls	X^2	η^2	df	p
Abdominal obesity	172 (10.3)	84 (9.4)	88 (11.4)	1.778	0.033	1	0.182
Hyperglycemia	83 (5.0)	46 (5.2)	37 (4.8)	0.112	0.008	1	0.738
Hypertriglyceridemia	155 (9.3)	85 (9.5)	70 (9.1)	0.099	0.008	1	0.753
Hypertension	486 (29.2)	296 (33.2)	190 (24.6)	14.584	0.094	1	<0.001
Decreased HDLC	557 (33.5)	173 (19.4)	384 (49.8)	171.695	0.321	1	<0.001

Notes: WC: ≥90th percentiles (adjusted for age, sex, and height); fasting glucose: ≥100 mg/dL; triglycerides: ≥150 mg/dL; HDLC: <40 mg/dL in boys and <50 mg/dL in girls; BP: ≥90th percentiles (adjusted for age and sex).

Abbreviation: MetS, metabolic syndrome.

Figure 2 The relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome components and continuous metabolic syndrome score.

Table 3 Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Scores According to the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components

MetS Components	Total		Boys		Girls
	N (%)	cMetS	N (%)	cMetS	N (%)	cMetS
0	686 (41.3)	−0.79±1.67	423 (47.4)	−0.92±1.71	263 (34.1)	−0.58±1.58
1	621 (37.3)	−0.15±2.08	316 (35.4)	0.29±2.08	305 (39.6)	−0.61±1.99
2	256 (15.4)	1.27±2.14	100 (11.2)	2.06±2.50	156 (20.2)	0.77±1.69
+3	100 (6.0)	3.44±2.55	53 (5.9)	3.76±2.43	47 (6.1)	3.07±2.65
Total	1663	0.02±2.25	892	0.12±2.38	771	−0.10±2.09

Note: Values are mean (SD) and % where indicated.

Abbreviation: cMetS, continuous metabolic syndrome scores.

Figure 3 The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of obesity measures for identifying clustered metabolic risk factors in the total group (A), boys (B), and girls (C).