The Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Work Thriving/Work Alienation Among Chinese Female Nurses: The Mediating Impact of Resilience

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics and the Distribution of IPV, Work Thriving and Work Alienation (n = 478)

Sociodemographic Characteristics	n(%)	IPV (Mean±SD)	p	Emotional IPV (Mean±SD)	p	Physical IPV (Mean±SD)	p	Sexual IPV (Mean±SD)	p	CD-RISC (Mean±SD)	p	Work Thriving (Mean±SD)	p	Work Alienation (Mean±SD)	p
Age
22–30	115 (23.85)	20.69±4.000/85	<0.001	10.26±2.583	<0.001	8.34±1.927	0.015	2.09±0.588	0.058	33.45±7.031	0.012	46.39±8.704	0.545	31.74±6.878	0.100
31–40	263 (55.23)	22.42±5.526,		11.45±3.940		8.85±1.978		2.12±0.424		35.94±6.698		47.83±9.509		30.66±8.135
41–50	80 (16.95)	22.59±5.935		11.83±4.491		8.68±1.795		2.09±0.480		35.72±6.878		47.74±9.404		28.98±7.148
51–57	20 (3.97)	26.68±9.123		14.53±6.670		9.74±2.469		2.42±0.961		35.84±6.780		46.74±7.629		31.37±8.261
Education
Technical secondary school	14 (2.93)	27.36±9.889	0.003	14.71±6.533	0.008	9.64±2.735	0.183	3.00±1.414	<0.001	32.43±5.626	0.333	46.79±6.807	0.759	29.93±8.905	0.032
Junior college	44 (9.21)	21.07±4.490		10.57±3.566		8.50±1.563		2.00±0.001		35.73±6.496		48.61±9.832		30.43±7.756
Bachelor	404 (84.52)	22.18±5.482		11.33±3.918		8.75±2.013		2.10±0.461		35.41±6.999		47.27±9.336		30.49±7.622
Master and above	16 (3.34)	21.44±2.988		11.25±2.887		8.19±0.403		2.00±0.001		33.88±5.084		48.63±6.662		36.25±7.707
Marital status
Single	31 (6.49)	19.90±2.675	<0.001	9.71±2.209	<0.001	8.10±0.396	<0.001	2.10±0.301	0.071	29.68±8.068	<0.001	43.65±7.653	0.190	34.23±8.289	0.022
In a relationship	46 (9.62)	21.76±5.404		10.93±2.932		8.65±2.893		2.17±0.902		34.98±6.628		48.00±8.664		31.80±6.649
Married with no children	35 (7.32)	21.49±4.348		10.80±3.402		8.66±1.327		2.03±0.169		36.97±5.909		48.71±9.482		32.29±7.954
Married with children	354 (74.06)	22.22±5.382		11.39±3.964		8.73±1.793		2.11±0.458		35.61±6.660		47.55±9.401		30.05±7.693
Divorced or widowed	12 (2.51)	31.58±10.352		17.83±6.873		11.25±3.911		2.50±0.798		37.17±7.272		47.58±8.185		30.25±7.783
Department
Internal medicine	107 (22.38)	21.45±4.135	0.426	10.93±3.403	0.305	8.45±1.101	0.313	2.07±0.264	0.700	34.84±7.567	0.314	46.31±9.225	0.551	31.44±7.333	0.372
Major surgery	116 (24.27)	22.40±5.738		11.33±4.006		8.95±2.449		2.12±0.661		36.27±6.577		47.55±9.037		29.45±7.435
Obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics	51 (10.67)	22.88±6.101		11.71±4.201		9.00±2.254		2.18±0.623		34.80±6.264		46.75±9.273		30.63±8.345
General department	97 (20.29)	21.94±6.084		11.01±3.978		8.77±2.153		2.15±0.486		34.48±6.736		47.93±8.833		31.05±8.387
Other (non-clinical nursing positions)	108 (22.59)	21.21±5.574		11.95±4.396		8.64±1.740		2.09±0.466		35.69±6.818		48.27±9.802		30.86±7.042
Working years
<5 years	81 (16.95)	21.07±4.676	0.015	10.56±2.992	0.114	8.41±2.623	0.011	2.11±0.689	0.890	33.51±6.705	0.007	46.79±9.202	0.422	32.41±7.108	0.063
5–10 years	102 (21.33)	21.44±4.232		10.75±3.238		8.59±1.478		2.10±0.359		34.64±7.409		46.67±9.511		30.78±7.848
>10 years	295 (61.72)	22.78±6.117		11.78±4.396		8.88±2.028		2.13±0.496		36.02±6.628		47.86±9.146		30.14±7.792
Average monthly income
<7000 Yuan	127 (26.57)	21.98±5.717	0.410	11.07±3.784	0.383	8.72±2.487	0.497	2.19±0.721	0.078	34.13±6.471	0.070	46.80±9.377	0.744	31.57±7.903	0.439
7000–10,000 Yuan	142 (29.71)	21.74±4.799		11.14±3.801		8.54±1.308		2.06±0.372		35.34±7.563		47.28±9.275		30.51±7.367
10,001–15,000 Yuan	148 (30.96)	22.80±6.206		11.70±4.364		8.95±2.076		2.15±0.486		35.66±6.824		47.78±9.575		30.36±7.612
>15,000 Yuan	61 (12.76)	22.33±5.331		11.59±3.917		8.70±1.783		2.03±0.180		36.80±5.767		48.18±8.018		29.84±8.405
Partner education
Technical secondary school	46 (9.62)	23.15±6.925	0.057	12.13±5.158	0.088	8.78±1.763	0.098	2.42±0.705	0.158	33.48±6.407	0.279	45.57±8.557	0.198	32.04±7.919	0.587
Junior college	113 (23.64)	23.04±6.415		11.80±4.245		9.09±2.681		2.16±0.689		35.67±6.649		46.43±9.729		30.51±7.517
Bachelor	254 (53.14)	21.98±5.220		11.23±3.798		8.67±1.831		2.07±0.385		35.35±6.707		48.11±9.152		30.39±7.665
Master and above	65 (13.00)	20.97±3.812		10.51±3.148		8.34±0.776		2.12±0.509		35.74±8.055		47.78±8.980		30.98±8.209

Table 2 Correlation Between Variables in the Study

Variables	IPV	Emotional IPV	Physical IPV	Sexual IPV	CD-RISC	Work Thriving	Work Alienation	Mean±SD
IPV	–							22.212±5.574
Emotional IPV	0.981**	–						11.354±3.991
Physical IPV	0.615**	0.488**	–					8.738±1.973
Sexual IPV	0.376**	0.341**	0.337**	–				2.117±0.509
CD-RISC	−0.113*	−0.130**	−0.032*	−0.109**	–			35.303±6.870
Work thriving	−0.095*	−0.092*	−0.050**	−0.066**	0.687**	–		47.421±9.231
Work alienation	0.168**	0.165**	0.076**	0.071**	−0.397**	−0.418**	–	30.660±7.722

Notes: *Means p <0.05, **Means p <0.01.

Table 3 Summary of Total, Direct and Indirect Effects of Four Mediation Model

Mediation Model	Standard Effect (95% CI)	p value
Model I
IPV→Resilience	−0.102 (−0.137,-0.067)	0.025
Resilience→Work thriving	0.692 (0.649,0.735)	<0.001
Indirect effect 1	−0.117 (−0.230,-0.004)	0.021
Direct effect 1	−0.010 (−0.013,-0.007)	0.015
Total effect 1	−0.127 (−0.181,-0.073)	<0.001
Resilience→Work alienation	−0.367 (−0.383,-0.351)	<0.001
Indirect effect 2	0.052 (0.031,0.073)	<0.001
Direct effect 2	0.093 (0.080, 0.106)	<0.001
Total effect 2	0.145 (0.092,0.193)	<0.001
Model II
Emotional IPV→Resilience	−0.102 (−0.105,-0.099)	0.025
Resilience→Work thriving	0.691 (0.648,0.734)	<0.001
Indirect effect 1	−0.163 (−0.165,-0.161)	0.014
Direct effect 1	−0.007 (−0.017,0.003)	0.069
Total effect 1	−0.170 (−0.179,-0.161)	<0.001
Resilience→Work alienation	−0.367 (−0.383,-0.351)	<0.001
Indirect effect 2	0.073 (0.055,0.091)	<0.001
Direct effect 2	0.096 (0.074,0.118)	<0.001
Total effect 2	0.169 (0.136,0.202)	<0.001
Model III
Physical IPV→Resilience	−0.049 (−0.137,0.039)	0.284
Resilience→Work thriving	0.693 (0.650,0.736)	<0.001
Indirect effect 1	−0.159 (−0.488,0.211)	0.387
Direct effect 1	0.035 (−0.128,0.198)	0.287
Total effect 1	0.006(−0.492,0.439)	0.954
Resilience→Work alienation	−0.374 (−0.480,-0.268)	<0.001
Indirect effect 2	0.072 (−0.089,0.234)	0.363
Direct effect 2	0.064 (0.033, 0.095)	0.007
Total effect 2	0.322 (−0.020,0.709)	0.064
Model IV
Sexual IPV→Resilience	−0.126 (−0.231,-0.021)	0.006
Resilience→Work thriving	0.695 (0.652,0.738)	<0.001
Indirect effect 1	−1.587 (−2.864,-0.718)	<0.001
Direct effect 1	0.026 (−0.137,0.189)	0.429
Total effect 1	−1.108(−1.174, −1.042)	<0.001
Resilience→Work alienation	−0.375 (−0.391,-0.359)	<0.001
Indirect effect 2	0.717 (0.312,1.341)	<0.001
Direct effect 2	0.190 (−0.020,0.030)	0.369
Total effect 2	0.907(0.136,1.678)	0.017

Notes: All models were controlled for covariates including age, education and marital status. All path coefficients shown were standardized.

Figure 1 Mediation model of Resilience in the relationship between IPV victimization and work thriving/work alienation.

Table 4 Goodness-of-Fit of Hypothesized Structural Model

Models	CFI	IFI	RMSEA	X2/df	X2	df
Model I	0.953	0.953	0.075	2.37	2.37	1
Model II	0.954	0.954	0.070	2.41	2.41	1
Model III	0.951	0.952	0.078	2.87	2.87	1
Model IV	0.953	0.954	0.073	2.43	2.43	1

Data Sharing Statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.