Morbid obese adults increased their sense of coherence 1 year after a patient education course: a longitudinal study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and scores on personal factors at baseline

Sociodemographics	All N=68	Men n=17	Women n=51	Statistics	P-value
	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)	χ^2 (df)
Level of formal education
7–12 years	44 (64.7)	12 (70.6)	32 (62.7)	0.34 (1)	0.56
13 years or higher	24 (35.3)	5 (29.4)	19 (37.3)
Marital status
Married/cohabiting	47 (69.1)	14 (82.4)	33 (64.7)	1.86 (1)	0.17
Employment status
Paid work	46 (67.6)	15 (88.2)	31 (60.8)	4.39 (1)	0.04
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	t	P-value
Age (years)	43.4 (10.3)	43.8 (8.8)	43.3 (10.8)	0.16	0.88
Personal factors
Self-esteem (scale 4–16)	10.7 (2.7)	11.2 (2.3)	10.5 (2.8)	1.10	0.28
Self-efficacy (scale 10–40)	26.6 (6.7)	28.0 (6.5)	26.1 (6.7)	1.05	0.30
Sense of coherence (scale 13–91)	54.7 (11.5)	57.8 (10.0)	53.7 (11.9)	1.41	0.17

Note: Higher scores on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and sense of coherence represent higher levels of the respective variable.

Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Participants’ scores on SOC total and subdimensions at baseline and 12-month follow-up

SOC	Scale	All (N=68)				Men (n=17)				Women (n=51)
		Baseline	Follow-up	P-value	d	Baseline	Follow-up	P-value	d	Baseline	Follow-up	P-value	d
		M (SD)	M (SD)			M (SD)	M (SD)			M (SD)	M (SD)
Total SOC	13–91	54.7 (11.5)	59.2 (12.3)	0.001	0.38	57.8 (10.0)	62.5 (13.5)	0.06	0.40	53.7 (11.9)	58.1 (11.8)	0.007	0.37
Comprehensibility	5–35	20.3 (4.7)	22.2 (5.0)	0.003	0.39	20.5 (4.7)	23.8 (4.9)	0.01	0.69	20.2 (4.7)	21.7 (5.0)	0.05	0.31
Manageability	4–28	16.2 (4.6)	17.5 (4.4)	0.009	0.29	17.5 (4.2)	18.9 (4.7)	0.06	0.31	15.8 (4.6)	17.0 (4.2)	0.05	0.27
Meaningfulness	4–28	18.3 (4.8)	19.5 (4.4)	0.02	0.26	19.8 (4.0)	19.8 (4.6)	1.00	0.00	17.8 (4.9)	19.4 (4.4)	0.007	0.34

Notes: Paired sample t-tests were used to test differences within groups. Cohen’s coefficient d was used to describe the effect size.

Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; SOC, sense of coherence.

Table 3 Bivariate correlations (Pearson’s r) between predictors for scores on SOC (N=68)

Sociodemographic variables	Baseline				12-month follow-up
	SOC total	Comprehensibility	Manageability	Meaningfulness	SOC total	Comprehensibility	Manageability	Meaningfulness
Age	0.23	0.19	0.26a	0.13	0.15	0.22	0.20	−0.03
Sex (male as reference)	−0.15	−0.03a	−0.16	−0.19	−0.16	−0.19	−0.19	−0.04
Education (7–12 years as reference)	0.22	0.16	0.15	0.22	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.07
Marital status (married/cohabitating as reference)	−0.05	−0.05	−0.02	−0.07	0.09	0.13	0.12	−0.02
Work status (no paid work as reference)	0.28a	0.21	0.26a	0.24a	0.25a	0.18	0.19	0.29a
Personal factors
Self-esteem	0.66b	0.60b	0.57b	0.47b	0.41b	0.32a	0.43b	0.35a
Self-efficacy	0.48b	0.40b	0.30a	0.48b	0.36a	0.31a	0.22	0.42b
SOC
SOC total					0.59b	0.50b	0.63b	0.46b
Comprehensibility					0.43b	0.43b	0.49b	0.22a
Manageability					0.51b	0.41b	0.62b	0.33b
Meaningfulness					0.53b	0.40b	0.46b	0.57b

Notes:

a P<0.05;

b P<0.001.

Abbreviation: SOC, sense of coherence.

Table 4 Multivariate analyses of factors related to SOC total score and subdimension scores at baseline (N=68)

Independent variables (baseline)	SOC total score		Comprehensibility		Manageability		Meaningfulness
	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
Step 1: sociodemographic variables
Age	0.23	0.01	–	–	0.27	0.01	–	–
Education (7–12 years as reference)	0.10	0.30	–	–	–	–	0.10	0.38
Work status (no paid work as reference)	0.18	0.05	0.06	0.54	0.25	0.01	0.17	0.13
Explained variance (R^2)	19.0%	0.003	3.9%	0.11	20.0%	0.001	11.1%	0.022
Step 2: personal factors
Self-esteem	0.55	<0.001	0.53	<0.001	0.51	<0.001	0.28	0.02
Self-efficacy	0.13	0.21	0.11	0.35	−0.00	0.97	0.28	0.03
Change of variance (R^2 – change)	36.8	<0.001	33.5%	<0.001	24.7%	<0.001	22.9%	<0.001
Explained variance (R^2)	55.8%		37.4%		44.7%		29.8%

Notes: β denotes standardized beta coefficients. There were four independent regression analyses.

Abbreviation: SOC, sense of coherence.