Individual and dyadic coping in chronic pain patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic information of a sample of N = 43 pain patients

Variable	Percentage
Gender
Female	76.7
Male	23.3
Age (years)
20−29	2.3
30−39	9.3
40−49	25.6
50−59	41.9
60−69	16.3
70−79	4.7
Marital status
Single	4.7
Married	81.4
Divorced	11.6
Widowed	2.3
Relationship duration (years)
0−9	16.3
10−19	20.9
20−29	30.2
30−39	16.3
40−49	16.3
Living situation
With partner	51.2
With partner and child	46.5
Alone with child	2.3
Education (highest achieved, Ausbildung)
Primary school	20.9
Secondary school	7
Apprenticeship	51.2
Gymnasium/college	14
University	7
Employment (full versus part-time), %
0	53.5
10	2.3
30−40	4.7
50−60	16.3
70−80	9.3
90−100	14.0

Table 2 Results from the correlational analyses between individual coping, dyadic coping, and social support and various pain outcomes

	Pain disability	Pain intensity	Helplessness and depression	Anxiety	Annoyance
Individual coping (CSQ and COPE)
Ignoring pain	−0.23*	−0.10	−0.03	−0.06	−0.27**
Coping self-instructions	−0.17	0.04	−0.45****	−0.31**	−0.21*
Praying/hoping	0.20*	0.41***	0.17	0.36***	0.19
Diverting attention	0.15	0.17	−0.42***	−0.25*	0.06
Reinterpretation of pain	−0.05	−0.08	−0.09	−0.06	0.05
Increasing activity levels	0.12	0.10	−0.22*	−0.02	0.16
CSQ summary score	−0.12	−0.04	−0.37***	−0.27**	−0.14
Planning	−0.05	−0.16	0.00	−0.07	0.07
Suppression of competing activities	0.22*	0.08	0.25*	0.10	0.23*
Positive reinterpretation and growth	0.18	0.07	−0.22*	−0.12	−0.20*
Acceptance	−0.07	−0.03	−0.31**	−0.40***	−0.44***
Humor	−0.09	−0.06	0.01	0.07	−0.00
Substance use	−0.09	0.04	0.19	0.18	0.34**
Focus on and venting of emotions	0.22*	−0.05	0.52****	0.57****	0.64****
Denial	−0.00	0.16	0.13	0.22*	0.18
Religious coping	0.10	0.26**	0.06	0.20*	0.14
COPE summary score	−0.11	−0.19	−0.41***	−0.47***	−0.41***
Dyadic coping (FDCT)
Supportive dyadic coping of the partner	0.25*	0.00	0.01	−0.12	0.02
Supportive dyadic coping of the patient	0.17	0.12	−0.08	−0.06	−0.03
Mutual dyadic coping	0.17	0.01	−0.10	−0.14	−0.09
Stress communication	0.22*	−0.15	0.07	0.03	0.14
Negative dyadic coping	0.03	−0.10	0.15	0.21*	0.22*
FDCT summary score	0.25*	0.00	0.01	−0.12	0.02
Social support
Emotional support	−0.03	0.13	−0.04	−0.17	−0.15
Practical support	−0.14	−0.04	0.02	−0.15	−0.14
Social Integration	−0.20*	−0.10	−0.05	−0.21*	−0.17
Social support summary score	−0.07	0.07	−0.02	−0.17	−0.15

Notes:

* p-value <0.1;

** p-value <0.05;

*** p-value <0.01;

**** p-value <0.001.

Abbreviation: CSQ, Coping Strategies Questionnaire.

Table 3 Results from the multivariate regression model

Coping strategy	Pain intensity		Helplessness/depression		Anxiety		Annoyance
Coefficient (95% CI), p-value
Pain-related individual coping (CSQ)
R^2; adjusted R^2		0.153; 0.133		0.331; 0.297		0.290; 0.255
			−0.302 (−0.584 to −0.020)	0.036			–
Praying/hoping	5.448 (1.429−9.461)	0.009			0.501 (0.218−0.784)	0.001	–
Diverting attention			−0.561 (−0.976 to −0.146)	0.009	−0.600 (−1.026 to 0.174)	0.007	–
General individual coping (COPE)
R^2; adjusted R^2				0.165; 0.145		0.207; 0.180		0.412; 0.383
Substance use							0.390 (0.090−0.689)	0.012
Focus on and venting of emotions			0.611 (0.178−1.044)	0.007	0.708 (0.271−1.145)	0.002	0.852 (0.468−1.236)	0.000

Note: Only significant results are given.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CSQ, Coping Strategies Questionnaire.