Prevalence of fibromyalgia in fourteen Korean tertiary care university hospital pain clinics

Figures & data

Table 1 Fibromyalgia criteria modified from ACR diagnostic criteria

Criteria:

A patient satisfies the modified ACR 2010 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria if the following three conditions are met: (1) Widespread pain index ≥7 and symptom severity score ≥5 or widespread pain index between 3 and 6 and symptom severity score ≥9; (2) symptoms have been present at a similar level for at least 3 months; and (3) the patient does not have a disorder that would otherwise sufficiently explain the pain.

Ascertainment:

1) Widespread pain index: Note the number of areas in which the patient has had pain over the last week. In how many areas has the patient had pain? Score will be between 0 and 19.

Shoulder girdle, Lt. Hip (buttock, trochanter), Lt. Jaw, Lt. Upper Back

Shoulder girdle, Rt. Hip (buttock, trochanter), Rt. Jaw, Rt. Lower Back

Upper Arm, Lt. Upper Leg, Lt. Chest, Neck

Upper Arm, Rt. Upper Leg, Rt. Abdomen

Lower Arm, Lt. Lower Leg, Lt.

Lower Arm, Rt. Lower Leg, Rt.

2) Symptom severity score: fatigue, waking unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms.

For the each of these three symptoms, indicate the level of severity over the past week using the following scale:

0 = no problem; 1 = slight or mild problems: generally mild or intermittent; 2 = moderate: considerable problems, often present and/or at a moderate level; 3 = severe: pervasive, continuous, life-disturbing problems.

The symptom severity score is the sum of the severity of the three symptoms (fatigue, waking unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms) plus the sum of the number of the following symptoms occurring during the previous 6 months: headaches, pain or cramps in lower abdomen, and depression (0–3). The final score is between 0 and 12.

Note: Adapted from Wolfe et al. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(6):1113–1122, with permission of The Journal of Rheumatology.⁴

Abbreviations: ACR, American College of Rheumatology; Lt, left; Rt, right.

Table 2 Prevalence of FM based on age and sex

Age (years)	Female			Male			Total prevalence (%)
	N	FMa	Prevalence (%)	N	FMa	Prevalence (%)
20~29	30	3	10	48	5	10.4	10.3
30~39	55	13	23.6	59	7	11.9	17.5
40~49	100	21	21	71	8	11.3	17
50~59	204	37	18.1	103	13	12.6	16.3
60~69	188	26	13.8	103	5	4.9	10.7
70~79	130	20	15.4	74	2	2.7	10.8
80~	47	5	10.6	21	0	0	7.4
Total	754	125	16.6	479	40	8.4	13.4

Note:

a Diagnosed with FM.

Abbreviation: FM, fibromyalgia.

Table 3 FM-related scores and associated factors in the FM group (as determined by the modified 2010 ACR criteria) and non-FM groups

Variable	Non-FM group	FM group	Rate ratio
	(N=1068)	(N=165)
WPI (0–19)	3.0±2.1	8.6±4.1
SS (0–12)	4.6±2.3	7.9±2.0
FS (0–31)	7.6±3.5	16.5±4.5
Sex		1.99 (–)
Male	439 (41.1%)	40 (24.2%)
Female	629 (58.9%)	125 (75.8%)
Previous FMa	73 (6.8%)	42 (25.5%)
Fatigue	241 (22.6%)	61 (37.0%)	1.7 (1.30–2.31)
IBS	154 (14.4%)	36 (21.8%)	1.6 (1.14–2.24)
Sleep disturbance	435 (40.7%)	110 (66.7%)	1.7 (1.28–2.34)
Amnesia	256 (24.0%)	73 (44.2%)	2.0 (1.47–2.58)
Hypothyroidism	88 (8.2%)	26 (15.8%)	2.0 (1.39–2.93)
Headache	146 (13.7%)	51 (30.9%)	2.4 (1.78–3.20)
Anxiety	166 (15.5%)	46 (27.9%)	1.9 (1.40–2.58)
Depression	131 (12.3%)	44 (26.7%)	2.3 (1.69–3.21)
Rheumatism	91 (8.5%)	22 (13.3%)	1.7 (1.10–2.48)
LBP	383 (35.9%)	85 (51.5%)	1.5 (1.14–2.01)
Traffic accident	142 (13.3%)	48 (29.1%)	2.3 (1.72–3.12)

Note:

a Previously diagnosed with FM.

Abbreviations: ACR, American College of Rheumatology; FM, fibromyalgia; FS, fibromyalgia symptom scale; LBP, low back pain; SS, symptom severity scale; WPI, widespread pain index; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.

Table 4 Simple logistic regression analyses for factors associated with FM

Variables	OR	Odds ratio (95% CI)		P-value
		Lower	Upper
Age	0.89	0.81	0.99	3.60
Sex
Male	1.00
Female	2.18	1.51	3.21	<0.001
Previous FMa	4.65	3.03	7.08	<0.001
Fatigue	2.01	1.42	2.84	<0.001
IBS	1.66	1.09	2.47	0.02
Sleep disturbance	2.91	2.07	4.14	<0.001
Amnesia	2.52	1.79	3.53	<0.001
Hypothyroidism	2.08	1.28	3.30	<0.001
Headache	2.83	1.93	4.09	<0.001
Anxiety	2.10	1.43	3.05	<0.001
Depression	2.60	1.75	3.82	<0.001
Rheumatism	1.65	0.98	2.67	0.05
LBP	1.90	1.37	2.65	<0.001
Traffic accident	2.68	1.82	3.89	<0.001

Note:

a Previously diagnosed with FM.

Abbreviations: FM, fibromyalgia; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; LBP, low back pain.

Table 5 Multiple logistic regression analyses for factors associated with FM

Variables	OR	Odds ratio (95% CI)		P-value
		Lower	Upper
Sex
Male	1.00
Female	1.97	1.33	2.98	<0.001
Previous FMa	3.57	2.22	5.69	<0.001
Fatigue	0.95	0.63	1.43	0.81
IBS	1.30	0.82	2.03	0.25
Sleep disturbance	2.00	1.35	2.96	<0.001
Amnesia	1.47	0.99	2.17	0.06
Hypothyroidism	1.32	0.77	2.21	0.30
Headache	1.88	1.22	2.86	<0.001
Anxiety	0.86	0.48	1.51	0.61
Depression	1.27	0.71	2.26	0.42
Rheumatism	1.02	0.58	1.74	0.93
LBP	1.34	0.93	1.92	0.11
Traffic accident	1.89	1.23	2.87	<0.001

Note:

a Previously diagnosed with FM.

Abbreviations: FM, fibromyalgia; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; LBP, low back pain.

WolfeFClauwDJFitzcharlesMAFibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for FibromyalgiaJ Rheumatol20113861113112221285161

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