Presenteeism and Associated Factors Among Nursing Personnel with Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Participants in the Present Study (n = 668)

Variables	Values	No. of Missing Data
Sex (women), n (%)	554 (83.2%)	2
Age, years	32.0 (24.0, 42.0)	14
Body mass index, kg/m^2	21.2 (19.5, 23.6)	50
Low back pain intensity	3.0 (2.0, 4.0)	0
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11	22 (18, 25)	21
K6	5 (2, 10)	10
Workaholism	21 (17, 25)	18
Overworking, hours	10.0 (3.0, 20.0)	55
Frequency of shift work, per month	5 (0, 10)	31
Sleep duration, hours	6.0 (5.0, 7.0)	6
Insomnia, n (%)	300 (45.5%)	9
Quantitative job demand, n (%)		3
Not stressed	396 (59.5%)
Stressed	269 (40.5%)
Qualitative job demand, n (%)		3
Not stressed	223 (33.5%)
Stressed	442 (66.5%)
Job control, n (%)		3
Not stressed	558 (83.9%)
Stressed	107 (16.1%)
Support from supervisor, n (%)		3
Supported	580 (87.2%)
Not supported	85 (12.8%)
Support from coworker, n (%)		3
Supported	446 (67.1%)
Not supported	219 (32.9%)
Presenteeism	30 (10, 50)	6
Absenteeism, n (%)	22 (3.3%)	52

Note: Values are presented as median (25th, 75th percentile), except where indicated as n (%).

Table 2 Spearman Correlation Coefficients Between Presenteeism and Other Variables

	r	p value
Low back pain intensity	0.248	<0.001
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11	0.296	<0.001
K6	0.269	<0.001
Workaholism	0.232	<0.001
Overworking hours	0.105	0.016
Frequency of shift work	0.106	0.015
Sleep duration	−0.131	0.003

Note: Data are based on complete-case analysis (n = 527).

Table 3 Linear Regression Analysis for Presenteeism Among Nursing Staff with Low Back Pain

	Crude Analysis			Adjusted Analysis with Complete Case Data*			Adjusted Analysis with Multiple Imputed Data*
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Low back pain intensity	3.774	0.590	<0.001	2.275	0.575	<0.001	2.681	0.511	<0.001
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11	1.389	0.180	<0.001	1.112	0.186	<0.001	0.962	0.170	<0.001
K6	1.370	0.197	<0.001	0.616	0.215	0.004	0.674	0.192	<0.001
Workaholism	1.055	0.179	<0.001	0.278	0.211	0.188	0.292	0.179	0.104
Overworking hours	0.230	0.100	0.022	0.065	0.099	0.510	−0.021	0.093	0.823
Frequency of shift work	0.354	0.171	0.039	0.210	0.165	0.206	0.159	0.148	0.282
Sleep duration	−2.451	0.945	0.010	−1.990	0.874	0.023	−1.652	0.778	0.034
Insomnia	6.472	2.055	0.002	1.682	1.925	0.383	0.785	1.716	0.647
Quantitative job demand	7.294	2.094	<0.001	0.258	2.199	0.907	0.457	1.952	0.815
Qualitative job demand	7.421	2.160	<0.001	3.806	2.277	0.095	4.538	2.047	0.027
Job control	2.228	2.942	0.449	−1.216	2.808	0.665	−2.049	2.394	0.392
Support from supervisor	11.246	3.150	<0.001	4.518	3.060	0.140	5.207	2.698	0.054
Support from coworker	6.483	2.198	0.003	3.002	2.070	0.148	1.780	1.856	0.338

Note: *Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and all variables indicated in the table.

Abbreviations: β, parameter estimate (unstandardized regression coefficient); SE, standard error.