Severity of Wound-Related Pain and Associated Factors Among Patients Who Underwent Wound Management at Teaching and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Study Participants at UOGCSH, Ethiopia (n=424)

Variables	Category	Frequency (N)	Percent (%)
Age	<55	403	95
	≥55	21	5
Sex	Male	268	63.2
	Female	156	36.8
BMI	≤18.5	35	8.3
	18.5–24.9	378	89.2
	>24.9	11	2.5
Educational status	Illiterate	171	40.3
	Can read and write	50	11.8
	Primary school	86	20.3
	Secondary school	74	17.5
	College and above	43	10.1
Residence	Urban	143	33.7
	Rural	281	66.3
Marital status	Single	104	24.5
	Married	307	72.4
	Divorced	13	3.1

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Figure 1 Prevalence of wound-related pain.

Table 2 Patient Related Factors and Severity of Wound-Related Pain During Wound Management in UOGCSH, Ethiopia (N=424)

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)	Mild Pain	Moderate-to-Severe Pain (N, %)
			(N, %)
Age (years)	<55	403 (95)	23(5.4)	380 (89.6)
	≥55	21 (5)	2 (0.5)	19 (4.5)
Sex	Male	268 (63.2)	12 (2.8)	256 (60.4)
	Female	156 (36.8)	13 (3.1)	143 (33.7)
Anxiety	Yes	363 (85.6)	9 (2.1)	354 (83.5)
	No	61 (14.4)	16 (3.8)	45 (10.6)
Depression	Yes	295 (69.6)	9 (2.1)	286 (67.5)
	No	129 (30.4)	16 (3.8)	113 (26.7)

Table 3 Wound-Related Factors and Severity of Wound-Related Pain During Wound Management at UOGCSH, Ethiopia (N=424)

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)	Mild Pain	Moderate-to-Severe Pain (N, %)
			(N, %)
Type of wound	Acute	420 (99.1)	23 (5.4)	397 (93.6)
	Chronic	4 (0.9)	2 (0.5)	2 (0.5)
Baseline pain	Yes	300 (70.8)	8 (1.9)	292 (68.9)
	No	124 (29.2)	17 (4.0)	107 (25.2)
Primary cause of wound	Surgery	175 (41.3)	12 (2.8)	163 (38.4)
	Trauma	234 (55.2)	12 (2.8)	222 (52.4)
	Burn	15 (3.5)	1 (0.2)	14 (3.3)
Wound size (m^2)	<0.01	274 (64.6)	20 (4.7)	254 (59.9)
	≥0.01	150 (35.4)	5 (1.2)	145 (34.2)
Sign of inflammation	Yes	33 (7.8)	1 (0.2)	32 (7.5)
	No	391 (92.2)	24 (5.7)	367 (86.6)
Depth of wound	Partial thickness	399 (94.1)	22 (5.2)	377 (88.9)
	Full thickness	25 (5.9)	3 (0.7)	22 (5.2)

Table 4 Wound Management Related Factors and Severity of WRP at UOGCSH, Ethiopia (N=424)

Variable	Category	Frequency (%)	Mild Pain	Moderate-to-Severe Pain
			(N, %)	(N, %)
Analgesics given	Yes	2 (0.5)	1(0.2)	1 (0.2)
	No	422 (99.5)	24 (5.7)	398 (93.9)
Wound cleansing agent	Normal saline	54 (12.7)	2 (0.5)	52 (12.3)
	H2O2	370 (87.3)	23 (5.4)	347 (81.8)
Duration of Wound
Management (minutes)	<14	50 (11.8)	6 (1.4)	44 (10.4)
	≥14	374 (88.2)	19 (4.5)	355 (83.7)

Abbreviation: H₂0₂, hydrogen peroxide.

Table 5 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Moderate-to- Severe WRP During Wound Management at UOGCSH, Ethiopia (n=424)

Variables	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Baseline pain
Yes	5.8 (2.43–13.83)	3.51 (1.18–10.46)**
No		1
Analgesics given
Yes	0.06 (0.004–0.994)	0.026 (0.001–0.895)**
No		1
Type of wound
Acute	17.26 (2.32–128.1)	11.49 (1.013–130.2)**
Chronic		1
Anxiety
Yes	13.99 (5.84–33.5)	18.16 (4.83–68.23)**
No		1
Depth of wound
Partial thickness	2.34 (0.65–8.41)	2.73 (0.55–13.51)
Full thickness		1
Depression
Yes	4.5 (1.93–10.48)	0.68 (0.18–2.63)
No		1
Age (years)
<55	1.74 (0.38–7.93)	3.36 (0.56–20.05)
≥55		1
Duration of Wound
Management (minutes)
<14	0.392 (0.149–1.035)	1.183 (0.35–3.99)
≥14		1

Note: **Significant variables from multivariate analysis.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.