Opioid-Sparing Anesthetic Technique for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenoidectomy: A Pilot Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics of the Study Cohort

Age (Years)	5 (3, 8)
Gender: female	5 (50%)
Height (cm)	110 (101.5, 118.35)
Weight (kg)	20.5 (16.65, 25.175)
ASA physical classification
ASA 1	6 (60%)
ASA 2	4 (40%)

Note: The data are listed as the median (IQR) or number (percentage).

Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Postoperative Outcomes

Time to Tracheal Extubation (min)	23 (17, 29)
PACU LOS (min)	56 (49, 65)
End of surgery to hospital discharge (min)*	122 (106, 187)
Opioids in the PACU	None
Oxygen requirement in the PACU	None
Presence of
Sedation	7 (70%)
Nausea or vomiting	1 (10%)
Hallucinations	0

Notes: *One patient had a planned inpatient admission. All other cases were discharged home the same day. The data are listed as the median (IQR) or number (percentage).

Abbreviations: PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay.

Table 3 Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale

Categories	5 Minutes Post-Extubation	15 Minutes	30 Minutes	45 Minutes	60 Minutes
The child makes eye contact with the caregiver	4 (4, 4)	4 (3, 4)	4 (2, 4)	2 (0, 4)	1 (0, 3)
The child’s actions are purposeful	4 (4, 4)	4 (3, 4)	4 (1, 4)	2 (0, 4)	1 (0, 3)
The child is aware of his/her surroundings	4 (4, 4)	4 (3, 4)	4 (1, 4)	2 (0, 4)	1 (0, 3)
The child is restless	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
The child is inconsolable	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
Total	12 (12, 12)	12 (10, 12)	12 (4, 12)	5 (0, 11)	2 (0, 8)

Notes: Data listed as median (IQR). Each category is graded as: 4 = not at all; 3 = just a little; 2 = quite a bit; 1 = very much; 0 = extremely.

Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.

Table 4 Postoperative Vital Signs in the Study Cohort

Parameter or Time	Heart Rate (Beats/Minute)	Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg)*	Oxygen Saturation (%)
Arrival to PACU	98 (92, 105)	95 (87, 102)	47 (42, 57)	59 (52, 66)	100 (100, 100)
5 minutes after arrival	104 (97, 111)	102 (89, 111)^^	60 (54, 68)^^	70 (63, 72)	100 (97, 100)
15 minutes	98 (95, 106)	100 (96, 102)	56 (52, 61)	65 (61, 72)	99 (97, 100)
30 minutes	89 (83, 100)	95 (91, 98)	60 (51, 63)	70 (63, 73)	98 (97, 99)
45 minutes	93 (83, 103)	93 (89, 101)	56 (54, 66)	67 (63, 67)	98 (98, 100)
60 minutes	95 (89, 100)	99 (92, 108)	64 (58, 72)	73 (66, 76)	98 (97, 98)

Notes: Times are listed as minutes following tracheal extubation. Data are listed as the median (IQR). *Mean arterial pressure measurements missing for one subject for all time points. ^{^}Blood pressure measurement missing for one subject at 5 minutes after arrival.

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit.

Table 5 Clinical Outcomes Following Discharge

Time	Day 0	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3
Highest pain score	4 (0, 6)	4 (0, 6)	3 (0, 7)	1 (0, 7)
Lowest pain score	0 (0, 1)	0 (0, 1)	0 (0, 3)	0 (0, 2)
Acetaminophen doses	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	0 (0, 2)
Ibuprofen doses	1 (0, 2)	0 (0, 2)	0 (0, 1)	0 (0, 2)

Notes: Pain score on Day 0 is day of surgery and after home arrival. Data are listed as the median (IQR).

Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.