Sex-Dependent Differences in Symptom-Related Disability Due to Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Baseline Data, Symptom Severity, Depression Scores, and Disability Scores of the Patients (Range in Brackets)

	Men	Women	p
N	42	61
Age (years)	66 (41–80)	72 (50–90)	0.021
BMI	30 (21–42)	30 (16–45)	0.558
Comorbidities (0: 1: 2: 3) (%)	17: 57: 21: 5	15: 60: 17: 8	0.738
Grade of spinal stenosis according to Schizas (A: B: C: D) (%)	10: 33: 45: 12	11.: 31: 46: 12	0.969
Duration of symptoms (1: 2: 3: 4) (%)	7: 12: 21: 60	5: 8: 26: 61	0.580
Pain chronicity (MPSS grade 1: 2: 3) (%)	36: 52: 12	16: 56: 28	0.023
DASS	3 (0–14)	5 (0–15)	0.067
PHQ-9	5 (0–13)	8 (0–19)	0.005
Level of pain (NRS)	8 (1–10)	8 (0–10)	0.779
Pain irradiation (none: only back pain: radicular leg pain: pseudoradicular leg pain) (%)	0: 17: 40: 43	2: 5: 54: 39	0.649
Claudication (none: light: moderate: severe) (%)	17: 7: 29: 47	13: 7: 29: 51	0.881
Hyposensation (none: radicular: irregular) (%)	59: 17: 24	47: 23: 30	0.307
Paresis according to Janda (5/5: 4/5: >4/5) (%)	69: 12: 19	80: 20: 0	0.445
ODI	41 (10–82)	47 (7–80)	0.109
RMDQ	14 (0–23)	16 (6–22)	0.063

Table 2 Variable Correlation with the Disability Scores ODI and RMDQ According to Patient Sex

	RMDQ				ODI
	Men		Women		Men		Women
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
Age	0.307	0.048	0.053	0.685	0.319	0.039	0.030	0.820
BMI	0.104	0.521	0.117	0.378	−0.152	0.350	0.158	0.233
Comorbidities	0.076	0.241	0.158	0.083	0.122	0.204	0.251	0.103
Grade of spinal stenosis	0.242	0.122	0.177	0.172	0.135	0.395	0.162	0.212
Duration of symptoms	−0.049	0.759	0.311	0.016	−0.067	0.674	0.314	0.014
Pain chronicity	0.265	0.089	0.407	0.001	0.336	0.029	0.537	0.000
DASS	0.477	0.000	0.497	0.000	0.304	0.050	0.524	0.000
PHQ-9	0.344	0.026	0.551	0.000	0.202	0.199	0.531	0.000
Level of pain (*)	0.242 (0.507)	0.123 (0.006)	0.525 (0.302)	0.000 (0.049)	0.219 (0.423)	0.163 (0.025)	0.447 (0.315)	0.000 (0.040)
Pain irradiation (*)	0.015 (−0.011)	0.924 (0.951)	−0.266 (−0.191)	0.039 (0.170)	−0.020 (0.023)	0.898 (0.895)	−0.265 (−0.167)	0.039 (0.231)
Claudication (*)	0.236 (0.153)	0.132 (0.439)	0.032 (−0.191)	0.806 (0.219)	0.069 (0.128)	0.655 (0.515)	−0.012 (−0.150)	0.926 (0.335)
Hyposensation (*)	0.067 (−0.128)	0.674 (0.517)	0.258 (0.238)	0.045 (0.124)	−0.127 (−0.234)	0.423 (0.230)	0.298 (0.316)	0.020 (0.039)
Paresis (*)	0.073 (0.082)	0.646 (0.667)	0.359 (0.275)	0.004 (0.074)	0.204 (0.112)	0.194 (0.570)	0.456 (0.329)	0.000 (0.031)

Note: *Adjusted for age, BMI, grade of spinal stenosis, pain chronicity, and DASS and PHQ-9 scores.

Table 3 Hierarchical Multivariate Regression Analysis According to Patient Sex

	RMDQ				ODI
	Men		Women		Men		Women
	cR2	p	cR2	p	cR2	p	cR2	p
Block 1	0.083	0.134	0.172	0.006	0.067	0.172	0.330	0.000
Block 2	0.244	0.016	0.424	0.000	0.090	0.167	0.546	0.000
Block 3	0.295	0.026	0.503	0.000	0.109	0.214	0.613	0.000

Table 4 Variable Correlation with the Disability Scores ODI and RMDQ According to Patient Sex in the Hierarchical Multivariate Regression Analysis

	RMDQ					ODI
	Men		Women			Men		Women
	B	p	B		p	B	p	B	p
Block 1
Age	0.273	0.140	0.078		0.568	0.282	0.131	0.050	0.683
BMI	0.226	0.189	0.132		0.301	−0.013	0.940	0.155	0.180
Grade of spinal stenosis	0.100	0.560	0.206		0.116	−0.008	0.962	0.206	0.081
Pain chronicity	0.175	0.322	0.425		0.001	0.193	0.280	0.574	0.000
Block 2
Age	0.302	0.075	0.085		0.501	0.300	0.106	0.126	0.900
BMI	0.188	0.231	0.053		0.641	−0.035	0.837	0.052	0.606
Grade of spinal stenosis	0.063	0.684	0.159		0.150	−0.030	0.860	0.174	0.077
Pain chronicity	0.086	0.598	0.347		0.001	0.138	0.442	0.510	0.000
DASS	0.428	0.058	0.216		0.147	0.276	0.257	0.302	0.022
PHQ-9	0.016	0.943	0.352		0.017	−0.012	0.960	0.221	0.088
Block 3
Age	0.232	0.177	0.050		0.685	0.201	0.296	−0.032	0.770
BMI	0.130	0.403	0.011		0.930	−0.064	0.712	0.029	0.786
Grade of spinal stenosis	−0.029	0.865	0.064		0.559	−0.084	0.662	0.092	0.342
Pain chronicity	0.159	0.348	0.315		0.002	0.231	0.227	0.473	0.000
DASS	0.398	0.094	0.124		0.396	0.186	0.475	0.201	0.122
PHQ-9	0.054	0.813	0.266		0.057	0.101	0.694	0.163	0.180
Level of pain	0.268	0.067	0.313		0.007	0.271	0.098	0.198	0.048
Pain irradiation	−0.061	0.705	−0.085		0.403	−0.034	0.851	−0.064	0.470
Claudication	0.300	0.086	0.010		0.924	0.183	0.344	−0.058	0.545
Hyposensation	0.038	0.803	0.066		0.531	−0.179	0.297	0.094	0.314
Paresis	0.124	0.439	0.113		0.290	0.167	0.357	0.198	0.039

Figure 1 Correlation of age with the RMDQ and ODI according to patient sex.

Figure 2 Correlation of DASS and PHQ-9 scores with the RMDQ and ODI according to patient sex.