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Original Research

Patients with persistent pain after breast cancer surgery show both delayed and enhanced cortical stimulus processing

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Pages 139-150 | Published online: 13 Jun 2012

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients (A) with pain, (B) without pain and (C) healthy volunteers

Table 2 Results of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire

Figure 1 Area of tactile hypoesthesia (numbness).

Notes: This figure shows the topographical map of areas of tactile hypoesthesia (numbness) drawn by the patients without pain and with pain. The scale of percentages shown in the legend represents the number of patients (converted to percentages) who marked that area as hypoesthetic.
Figure 1 Area of tactile hypoesthesia (numbness).

Figure 2 Grand average global field power (GFP) and corresponding topographic representations. (A) Grand average GFP (N = 30). The dotted lines indicate peak latency of the different event-related potential (ERP) components. Four different components can be identified: a negative voltage between 110–180 ms, maximal at FCz, labeled as N150, a positive voltage between 190–230 ms, maximal at Cz, labeled as P200, a positive voltage between 250–310 ms, maximal at FCz, labeled as P260, and a positive voltage between 310–380 ms, maximal at Cz and labeled as P350. (B) Topographic representations of the ERP components at the ERP latencies (N = 30). To best illustrate the maximal activity in each representation, we adjusted the scale to its maximal absolute values (for increases and decreases in voltages). As a result the scale differs between the different representations and is therefore left out.

Figure 2 Grand average global field power (GFP) and corresponding topographic representations. (A) Grand average GFP (N = 30). The dotted lines indicate peak latency of the different event-related potential (ERP) components. Four different components can be identified: a negative voltage between 110–180 ms, maximal at FCz, labeled as N150, a positive voltage between 190–230 ms, maximal at Cz, labeled as P200, a positive voltage between 250–310 ms, maximal at FCz, labeled as P260, and a positive voltage between 310–380 ms, maximal at Cz and labeled as P350. (B) Topographic representations of the ERP components at the ERP latencies (N = 30). To best illustrate the maximal activity in each representation, we adjusted the scale to its maximal absolute values (for increases and decreases in voltages). As a result the scale differs between the different representations and is therefore left out.

Figure 3 Group-specific topographic representations. Shown are the topographic representations of the different event-related potential (ERP) components at the different ERP latencies ().

Notes: To best illustrate the maximal activity in each representation, we adjusted the scale to its maximal absolute values (for increases and decreases in voltages). As a result the scale differs between the different representations and is therefore left out.
Figure 3 Group-specific topographic representations. Shown are the topographic representations of the different event-related potential (ERP) components at the different ERP latencies (Figure 2).

Figure 4 Event-related potential (ERP) waveforms. Grand average ERPs observed from FCz showing the P260 differences (A) effect of treatment, (B) effect of pain.

Notes: Upward deflection is positive charge and downward is negative charge. Representations of ERPs are with respect to common reference.
Figure 4 Event-related potential (ERP) waveforms. Grand average ERPs observed from FCz showing the P260 differences (A) effect of treatment, (B) effect of pain.

Table 3 Event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and latencies