A randomized controlled trial of preprocedure administration of parecoxib for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of patients, duration, indications, and interventions of procedure (mean, SD, and percentage)

	Group Ca (n = 43)	Group Pb (n = 42)	P value
Age (years) (mean, SD)	59.3 (13.0)	59.8 (16.6)	0.099
Sex (%)
Male	18 (41.9)	21 (50.0)	0.451
Female	25 (58.1)	21 (50.0)
Weight (kg) (mean, SD)	55.7 (11.5)	56.4 (12.8)	0.296
Height (cm) (mean, SD)	158.0 (8.2)	157.3 (7.7)	0.690
American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (%)
I	11 (25.6)	12 (28.6)	0.228
II	28 (65.1)	21 (50.0)
III	4 (9.3)	9 (21.4)
Duration of procedure (minutes) (mean, SD)	36.2 (12.3)	29.2 (11.5)	0.089
Indication (%)			0.629
Cholelithiasis	17 (39.5)	21 (50.0)
Hepatobiliary stricture
Malignancy	18 (41.9)	12 (28.6)
Benign	4 (9.3)	3 (7.1)
Others	4 (9.3)	6 (14.3)
Intervention (%)			0.302
Stone removal	11 (25.6)	17 (40.5)
Stent insertion and/or removal	19 (44.2)	14 (33.3)
Explore common bile duct	4 (9.3)	4 (9.5)
Others	9 (20.9)	7 (16.7)

Notes:

a Group C: normal saline;

b group P: parecoxib.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Sedative drugs used during procedure (mean, SD, range) and analgesic drug used post-procedure (n (%) and mean, SD, range)

	Group Ca (n = 43)	Group Pb (n = 42)	P value
During procedure
Mean dose of propofol			0.251
Dose/body weight	3.87 (2.12)	3.73 (1.44)
(mg/kg)	0.65–8.33	2.03–9.05
Mean dose of midazolam			0.325
Dose/body weight	0.03 (0.01)	0.03 (0.01)
(mg/kg)	0.01–0.05	0.01–0.06
Mean dose of fentanyl			0.234
Dose/body weight	0.001 (0.000)	0.001 (0.000)
(mg/kg)	0.000–0.002	0.001–0.002
Postprocedure
Pethidine used
Total number of patients (%)	24 (55.8)	9 (21.4)	0.001*
Mean dose of pethidine			0.119
Dose/body weight	1.07 (0.70)	0.96 (0.28)
(mg/kg)	0.35–3.13	0.67–1.53

Notes:

a Group C: normal saline;

b group P: parecoxib;

* considered to be of statistical significance.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Pre-and postprocedural pain (mean, SD) and patient and endoscopist satisfaction (n, %)

	Group Ca (n = 43)	Group Pb (n = 42)	P value
Preprocedural pain (VAS)	0.79 (0.99)	0.60 (0.89)	0.592
Postprocedural pain (VAS)
2 hours	3.09 (2.68)	0.81 (1.55)	0.005*
12 hours	1.81 (1.72)	0.74 (1.34)	0.002*
24 hours	1.05 (2.01)	0.48 (1.13)	0.362
Patient satisfaction			0.002*
Very satisfied	15 (34.9)	32 (76.2)
Satisfied	20 (46.5)	8 (19.0)
Neutral	7 (16.3)	2 (4.8)
Unsatisfied	1 (2.3)	0
Endoscopist satisfaction			0.953
Very satisfied	16 (37.2)	15 (35.7)
Satisfied	15 (34.9)	16 (38.1)
Neutral	12 (27.9)	11 (26.2)
Unsatisfied	0	0

Notes:

a Group C: normal saline;

b group P: parecoxib;

* considered to be of statistical significance. VAS 0–10 (0 = none and 10 = unbearable).

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; VAS, visual analog scale.

Table 4 Complications during and immediately after ERCP (n, %)

	Group Ca (n = 43)	Group Pb (n = 42)	P value
Overall	33 (76.7)	25 (59.5)	0.088
Cardiovascular-related	28 (65.1)	21 (50.0)	0.158
Hypotension	24 (55.8)	20 (47.6)	0.450
Bradycardia	3 (7.0)	1 (2.4)	0.317
Arrhythmia	1 (2.3)	0	0.320
Respiratory-related	5 (11.6)	3 (7.1)	0.479
Hypoxia (SpO2 < 90%)	1 (2.3)	0	0.320
Upper airway obstruction	4 (9.3)	3 (7.1)	0.717
Procedure-related	0	1 (2.4)	0.309
Pancreatitis	0	1 (2.4)	0.309

Notes:

a Group C: normal saline;

b group P: parecoxib.

Abbreviation: ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.