Pain control following inguinal herniorrhaphy: current perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1 Risk factors for chronic postherniorrhaphy inguinal pain

Preoperative factors

Young age^Citation3,Citation9,Citation24,Citation35,Citation36,Citation43

Female sex^Citation3,Citation9,Citation24,Citation35,Citation36,Citation43

High pain intensity level (inguinal/elsewhere)^Citation3,Citation9,Citation24,Citation35,Citation36,Citation45

Lower preoperative optimism^Citation49

Impairment of everyday activities^Citation42

Operation for a recurrent hernia^Citation2,Citation9

Genetic predisposition (DQB1*03:02 HLA haplotype)^Citation59

Experimentally induced pain

High pain intensity to tonic heat stimulation^Citation42

Perioperative factors

Less experienced surgeon/not dedicated hernia center^Citation9

Open repair technique^Citation9,Citation11,Citation35,Citation36,Citation42,Citation50

Mesh type: heavyweight (open,^Citation37 laparoscopic^Citation38)

Mesh fixation: suture (open^Citation40,Citation41), staple (laparoscopic^Citation39)?

IIN neurolysis in Lichtenstein repair^Citation45

Postoperative factors

Postoperative complications (hematoma, infection)^Citation35,Citation36

High early postoperative pain intensity^Citation9,Citation42

Lower perceived control over pain^Citation49

Sensory dysfunction in the groin^Citation24,Citation42,Citation45

Note: ? = conflicting opinions/mixed evidence.

Abbreviations: IIN, ilioinguinal nerve; HLA, human leukocyte antigen.

Bay-NielsenMPerkinsFMKehletHPain and functional impairment 1 year after inguinal herniorrhaphy: a nationwide questionnaire studyAnn Surg20012331711141218

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AasvangEKehletHChronic postoperative pain: the case of inguinal herniorrhaphyBr J Anaesth200595697615531621

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

CourtneyCADuffyKSerpellMGO’DwyerPJOutcome of patients with severe chronic pain following repair of groin herniaBr J Surg2002891310131412296903

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

FrannebyUSandblomGNordinPNyrenOGunnarssonURisk factors for long-term pain after hernia surgeryAnn Surg200624421221916858183

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

KalliomakiMLMeyersonJGunnarssonUGordhTSandblomGLong-term pain after inguinal hernia repair in a population-based cohort; risk factors and interference with daily activitiesEur J Pain20081221422517606392

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bay-NielsenMNilssonENordinPKehletHChronic pain after open mesh and sutured repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young malesBr J Surg2004911372137615376186

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ReinpoldWMNehlsJEggertANerve management and chronic pain after open inguinal hernia repair: a prospective two phase studyAnn Surg201125416316821562403

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PowellRJohnstonMSmithWCPsychological risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery: a prospective cohort studyEur J Pain20121660061022396088

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AasvangEKGmaehleEHansenJBPredictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy painAnesthesiology201011295796920234307

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AasvangEKBay-NielsenMKehletHPain and functional impairment 6 years after inguinal herniorrhaphyHernia20061031632116710627

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

DominguezCAKalliomäkiMGunnarssonUThe DQB1 *03:02 HLA haplotype is associated with increased risk of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery and lumbar disc herniationPain201315442743323318129

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

NienhuijsSStaalEStrobbeLRosmanCGroenewoudHBleichrodtRChronic pain after mesh repair of inguinal hernia: a systematic reviewAm J Surg200719439440017693290

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

HindmarshACCheongELewisMPRhodesMAttendance at a pain clinic with severe chronic pain after open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairsBr J Surg2003901152115412945086

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SajidMSLeaverCBaigMKSainsPSystematic review and meta-analysis of the use of lightweight versus heavyweight mesh in open inguinal hernia repairBr J Surg201299293722038579

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

SajidMSKalraLParampalliUSainsPSBaigMKA systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of lightweight mesh against heavyweight mesh in influencing the incidence of chronic groin pain following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairAm J Surg201320572673623561639

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ColvinHSRaoACavaliMCampanelliGAminAIGlue versus suture fixation of mesh during open repair of inguinal hernias: a systematic review and meta-analysisWorld J Surg2013372282229223868471

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

de GoedeBKlitsiePJvan KempenBJMeta-analysis of glue versus sutured mesh fixation for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repairBr J Surg201310073574223436683

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

KaulAHutflessSLeHStaple versus fibrin glue fixation in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysisSurg Endosc2012261269127822350225

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar