Figures & data
Figure 1 Opioid actions.
Notes: Copyright © 2008, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission from Trescot A, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008:11:S133–S153.
Figure 2 Opioid receptors.
Notes: Copyright © 2008, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission from Trescot A, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008:11:S133–A153.
Figure 3 Opioid sites of action and addiction.
Notes: Copyright © 2008, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission from Trescot A, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008:11(2 Suppl):S133–S153.
Abbreviations: AMG, amydala; ARC, arcuate nucleus; CER, cerebellum; C–P, caudate putamen; DMT, dorsomedial thalamus; IC, inferior colliculus; LC; locus coeruleus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; Nac, nucleus accumbens; OT, olfactory tubercle; PAG, periaqueductal gray; PFC, frontal cortex; SC, superior colliculus; SNr, substantia nigra; VP, ventral pallidum; VTA, ventral tegmental area.
Abbreviations: AMG, amydala; ARC, arcuate nucleus; CER, cerebellum; C–P, caudate putamen; DMT, dorsomedial thalamus; IC, inferior colliculus; LC; locus coeruleus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; Nac, nucleus accumbens; OT, olfactory tubercle; PAG, periaqueductal gray; PFC, frontal cortex; SC, superior colliculus; SNr, substantia nigra; VP, ventral pallidum; VTA, ventral tegmental area.
Figure 4 Morphine structure.
Figure 5 Pellet sustained-release formulation.
Notes: Copyright © 2006, Harvey Whitney Books Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission from Amabile CM, Bowman BJ. Oral modified-release opioid products for chronic pain management. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40 (7–8):1327–3135.
