A review of pulmonary function in Parkinson’s disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of the literature on pulmonary function in PD

Study	Number of patients	Pattern of dysfunction	MIP/SNIP	MEP	UAO	Effect of dopaminergic treatment
Neu et al^Citation12	23 (10 M, 13 F) Parkinsonism	Obstructive	Reduced MIP	Reduced
Paulson and Tafrate^Citation13	22 Parkinsonism					MVV increased
Obenour et al^Citation14	31 (18 M, 13 F) PD	11 obstructive				Unchanged
Vincken et al^Citation15	27 (19 M, 8 F) Extrapyramidal disorders				24 abnormal flow volume loops 10 UAO by author’s criteria
Tzelepis et al^Citation16	9 PD	Normal	Normal MIP
Hovestadt et al^Citation17	31 (16 M, 15 F) PD	Normal	Reduced	Reduced	20–22 abnormal flow volume loops 18 had between 1–3 UAO parameters
de Bruin et al^Citation19	10 (8 M, 2 F)	Normal	Reduced	Reduced	Off treatment 8 abnormal curves PEF reduced 2 fixed extrathoracic obstruction 1 intrathoracic obstruction	MEP and PIF increased (significant) MIP and PEF increased (moderate) Maximal flow volume curves improved
Izquierdo-Alonso et al^Citation20	63 (39 M, 24 F)	85% restrictive			49.2% pathological curves 21 type A 9 type B 1 obstructive 3 patients had at least 2 spirometric indices of UAO
Sabaté et al^Citation21	58 (30 M, 28 F)	18 obstructive 16 restrictive	Reduced	Reduced	36 UAO on 3 spirometric indices
Köseoğlu et al^Citation24	9 (4 M, 5 F)	1 restrictive 1 obstructive			4 UAO on 2 spirometric indices 1 type A curve 2 type B curve
Canning et al^Citation27	16 (13 M, 3 F)	Normal	Normal	Normal	16 curves with one or more abnormal features 10 UAO by author’s criteria
Vercueil et al^Citation28	11 (5 M, 6 F)					Lengthening of inspiratory duration
Polatli et al^Citation29	21 (10 M, 11 F)	3 of 6 ex-smokers obstructive 2 of 15 non-smokers obstructive
Herer et al^Citation30	21 (14 M, 7 F)				5 patients had at least 4 UAO criteria	After levodopa 2 of the 5 met UAO criteria
De Pandis et al^Citation31	12 (5 M, 7 F)	Restrictive				FEV1 and FVC improved in the on state
Weiner et al^Citation32	20 (10 M, 10 F)	Restrictive	Reduced	Reduced		FEV 1 and FVC unchanged with treatment MIP and MEP increased with treatment (not significantly)
Cardoso and Pereira^Citation33	40 (21 M, 19 F)	Restrictive	Not reduced compared to control	Not reduced compared to control
Maria et al^Citation34	15 (12 M, 3 F)	Normal	Reduced	Reduced
Haas et al^Citation35	66 (47 M, 19 F)		Reduced	Reduced
Sathyaprabha et al^Citation44	35	33 restrictive 2 obstructive	Reduced	Reduced		FEVI, FVC, PEF, MIP, MEP improved in the on state
Mikaelee et al^Citation45	25 (19 M, 6 F)	13 obstructive			1 UAO on authors’ criteria
Silverman et al^Citation46	28 (14 M, 14 F)		30.8% low 69.2% normal	71.4% low 28.6% normal
Pal et al^Citation47	53 (38 M, 15 F)	Restrictive	Reduced	Reduced		All PFT parameters improved with levodopa
Shaheen et al^Citation48	30 (28 M, 2 F)	19 restrictive 5 obstructive				Improved in the on state (not significant)
Seccombe et al^Citation49	19 (17 M, 2 F)	16 normal 2 restrictive 1 mild airflow limitation	13 (68%) low	15 (79%) low	Nil
Guedes et al^Citation50	26 (16 M, 10 F)		Reduced	Reduced		MIP and MEP not significantly improved in the on state
Wang et al^Citation51	30 PD (16 M, 14 F) 27 MSA (14 M, 13 F)	17 (56.7%) restrictive 1 (3.3%) central obstructive 13 (43.3%) peripheric obstructive	Reduced	Reduced

Abbreviations: F, female; FEVI, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; M, male; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure; MSA, multiple system atrophy; MVV, minute ventilatory volume; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PEF, peak expiratory flow; PFT, pulmonary function test; PIF, peak inspiratory flow; SNIP, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure; UAO, upper airway obstruction.

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