Communication impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease: challenges and solutions

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of recommendations based on documented communication deficits in Parkinson’s disease

Deficits	Recommendation	Representative study
Comprehension deficits
1	Avoid complex syntax	3,25
2	Avoid taxing working memory	4–6,18,26
3	Clearly delineate topics	7
4	Avoid nonliteral meaning	19–23
5	Use performative verbs	21
6	Avoid reliance on emotional expression	12–17
7	Minimize distractions	7
Production deficits
1	Do not judge	2
2	Be patient/do not rush	26–28,42
3	Ask questions regarding utterance comprehension	29,30,51
4	Ask simple questions	34–37,48
5	Be understanding and encouraging	36,42,43