Association of p21 Ser31Arg and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in CAPUA study

Figures & data

Table 1A Characteristics of lung cancer cases and control patients

Variable	Cases (n = 675) n (%)	Controls (n = 675) n (%)	Pa
Gender
Male	595 (88.15)	595 (88.15)
Female	80 (11.85)	80 (11.85)	1.000
Age (years), mean (SD)	65.26 (10.98)	64.14 (11.2)	0.064
Pack-years, mean (SD)	61.95 (36.16)	36.32 (31.13)	<0.001
<37	139 (20.62)	294 (43.68)
≥37	490 (72.70)	191 (28.38)	<0.001
Family history of cancer
No	366 (56.92)	400 (60.06)
Yes (any cancer)	277 (43.08)	266 (39.94)	0.249
Lung cancer	76 (11.82)	45 (6.76)	0.007
Other cancer	201 (31.26)	221 (33.18)
Missing	32	9
Histological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	272 (40.72)
Adenocarcinoma	201 (30.09)
Small cell carcinoma	114 (17.07)
Nondifferentiated	43 (6.44)
Large cell carcinoma	22 (3.29)
Others	10 (1.50)
Clinical diagnosis	6 (0.90)
Missing	7
List A, mean (SD)
Yes	129 (19.79)	94 (14.48)
No	523 (80.21)	555 (85.52)	0.011
Missing	23	26
Years in list A, mean (SD)	17.45 (14.59)	15.88 (13.89)	0.418
Missing	23	26

Note:

a Two-sided χ² test and Mann–Whitney test when appropriate.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 1B Histological distribution of population by gender

Histological type	Men	Women
Squamous cell carcinoma	255 (43.29)	17 (21.52)
Adenocarcinoma	158 (26.83)	43 (54.43)
Small cell carcinoma	101 (17.15)	13 (16.46)
Nondifferentiated	40 (6.79)	3 (3.80)
Large cell carcinoma	20 (3.40)	2 (2.53)
Others	10 (1.70)	0 (0.00)
Clinical diagnosis	5 (0.85)	1 (1.27)

Table 2 Genotype distribution of p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism and adjusted odds ratio for lung cancer

Genotype p21 Ser31Arg	Cases n (%)	Controls n (%)	Crude OR	Adjusted OR (95% CI)a
Ser/Ser	565 (83.70)	589 (87.26)	Reference	Reference
Ser/Arg	107 (15.85)	88 (12.26)	1.39	1.42 (0.99–2.03)
Arg/Arg	3 (0.44)	6 (0.89)	0.52	0.59 (0.09–4.07)
Arg carriers	110 (16.30)	86 (12.74)	1.33	1.38 (0.97–1.96)
Arg allele frequency	0.08	0.07

Note:

a Adjusted for age, gender, pack-years, familial history of lung cancer, and occupation (list A).

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Table 4 Stratified analysis of p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism

	Ser/Ser (ref)		Ser/Arg		Arg/Arg		Arg-carriers		Ser/Arg			Arg/Arg			Arg carriers
	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	OR adjusta	CI	95%	OR adjusta	CI	95%	OR adjusta	CI	95%
Gender
Male	497	527	95	63	3	5	98	68	1.58	1.07	2.33	0.60	0.09	4.10	1.53	1.04	2.23
Female	68	62	12	17	0	1	12	18	0.68	0.27	1.69	–	–	–	0.65	0.26	1.61
Stratified analysis (male only)
Age (years)
<55	79	116	21	11	1	1	22	12	2.43	1.02	5.79	1.20	0.03	49.22	2.35	1.00	5.51
55–69	206	190	35	25	1	2	36	27	1.28	0.69	2.39	0.26	0.00	24.94	1.24	0.67	2.29
≥70	212	221	39	27	1	2	40	29	1.62	0.89	2.97	0.47	0.03	8.40	1.54	0.85	2.78
Smoking status
Never	7	116	0	13	0	4	0	17	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ever	490	411	95	50	3	1	98	51	1.73	1.19	2.52	2.54	0.25	25.46	1.75	1.21	2.54
Former	239	240	42	31	2	1	44	32	1.47	0.87	2.47	1.75	0.15	20.72	1.48	0.88	2.47
Current	249	162	53	17	1	0	54	17	2.18	1.21	3.93	–	–	–	2.23	1.24	4.02
Pack-years
<37	113	249	23	29	0	1	23	30	2.10	1.14	3.87	–	–	–	2.03	1.11	3.73
≥37	477	174	90	24	4	0	94	24	1.37	0.84	2.24	–	–	–	1.43	0.88	2.32
Histological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	215	527	38	63	2	5	40	68	1.39	0.85	2.29	1.40	0.18	10.70	1.39	0.86	2.26
Adenocarcinoma	136	527	22	63	0	5	22	68	1.09	0.61	1.96	–	–	–	1.05	0.59	1.87
Small cell carcinoma	80	527	20	63	1	5	21	68	2.15	1.16	3.98	1.24	0.06	24.15	2.11	1.15	3.86
List A
Yes	111	86	17	6	1	2	18	8	1.42	0.48	4.25	0.21	0.00	9.36	1.20	0.43	3.30
No	383	441	78	57	2	3	80	60	1.60	1.06	2.43	0.87	0.09	8.84	1.58	1.05	2.38

Note:

a Adjusted for age, pack-years, familial history of lung cancer, and occupation (list A), when corresponding.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Table 3 Genotype distribution of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and adjusted odds ratio for lung cancer

Genotype p53 Arg72Pro	Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	Crude OR	Adjusted OR (95% CI)a
Ser/Ser	341 (52.38)	318 (58.03)	Reference	Reference
Ser/Arg	267 (41.01)	198 (36.13)	1.26	1.16 (0.88–1.53)
Arg/Arg	43 (6.61)	32 (5.84)	1.25	0.59 (0.78–2.32)
Arg carriers	310 (47.62)	230 (41.97)	1.26	1.38 (0.91–1.54)
Pro allele frequency	0.27	0.24

Note:

a Adjusted for age, gender, pack-years, familial history of lung cancer, and occupation (list A).

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Table 5 Stratified analysis of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism

	Arg/Arg (Ref)		Arg/Pro		Pro/Pro		Pro carriers		Arg/Pro			Pro/Pro			Pro carriers
	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	OR adjusta	CI	95%	Adjusted ORa	CI	95%	Adjusted ORa	CI	95%
Gender
Male	303	280	236	177	41	29	277	206	1.12	0.84	1.49	1.47	0.83	2.58	1.17	0.88	1.53
Female	38	38	31	21	2	3	33	24	2.18	0.94	5.03	0.26	0.03	2.31	1.73	0.79	3.83
Stratified analysis (male only)
Age (years)
<55	49	58	38	42	9	7	47	49	0.95	0.48	1.87	1.50	0.45	5.03	1.03	0.54	1.96
55–69	129	107	91	67	16	11	107	78	0.94	0.59	1.50	1.32	0.53	3.29	0.99	0.63	1.54
≥70	125	115	107	68	16	11	123	79	1.44	0.92	2.25	1.74	0.69	4.38	1.48	0.96	2.27
Smoking status
Never	5	48	2	45	0	7	2	52	0.42	0.07	2.45	–	–	–	0.36	0.06	2.03
Ever	298	232	234	132	41	22	275	154	1.40	1.05	1.85	1.61	0.92	2.83	1.43	1.09	1.86
Former	139	138	116	71	22	13	138	84	1.69	1.14	2.50	1.92	0.90	4.12	1.72	1.18	2.51
Current	158	90	117	55	19	8	136	63	1.16	0.76	1.76	1.51	0.63	3.64	1.20	0.80	1.80
Pack-years
<37	63	135	35	79	12	11	47	90	0.98	0.58	1.64	2.69	1.08	6.67	1.17	0.72	1.89
≥37	234	95	199	53	29	11	228	64	1.55	1.05	2.30	1.10	0.52	2.31	1.47	1.01	2.14
Histological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	129	280	103	177	15	29	118	206	1.28	0.89	1.85	1.26	0.61	2.63	1.28	0.90	1.82
Adenocarcinoma	85	280	61	177	9	29	70	206	1.09	0.72	1.64	0.83	0.34	2.03	1.05	0.71	1.56
Small cell carcinoma	47	280	41	177	11	29	52	206	1.32	0.79	2.19	2.17	0.96	4.92	1.45	0.90	2.34
List A
Yes	59	48	62	24	5	6	67	30	1.77	0.90	3.49	1.03	0.24	4.45	1.66	0.87	3.17
No	242	232	173	153	36	23	209	176	1.00	0.73	1.38	1.51	0.82	2.81	1.07	0.79	1.45

Note:

a Adjusted for age, pack-years, familiar history of lung cancer and occupation (list A), when corresponding.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Table 6 Stratified analysis of p21 Ser31Arg and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms

	Referenceb		Moderate riskc		High riskd		Moderate risk			High risk
	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Adjusted ORa	CI	95%	Adjusted ORa	CI	95%
Gender
Male	252	241	283	227	45	18	1.09	0.82	1.44	2.29	1.21	4.32
Female	33	30	31	28	7	4	1.20	0.53	2.72	2.48	0.55	11.14
Stratified analysis (male only)
Age (years)
<55	38	53	48	51	10	3	1.13	0.58	2.20	4.02	0.91	17.79
55–69	113	89	104	89	19	7	0.86	0.55	1.36	1.69	0.59	4.80
>70	101	99	131	87	16	8	1.41	0.91	2.18	2.37	0.89	6.30
Smoking status
Never	5	44	2	49	0	7	0.38	0.07	2.15	–	–	–
Ever	247	197	281	178	45	11	1.29	0.98	1.70	3.61	1.80	7.22
Former	115	116	142	100	20	6	1.56	1.07	2.29	3.12	1.19	8.20
Current	131	78	138	71	25	4	1.12	0.74	1.68	4.25	1.41	12.82
Pack-years
<37	53	117	48	101	9	7	1.10	0.67	1.79	3.52	1.21	10.21
≥37	193	78	233	77	36	4	1.25	0.85	1.82	3.85	1.32	11.25
Histological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	108	241	121	227	18	18	1.12	0.78	1.61	2.59	1.18	5.69
Adenocarcinoma	72	241	74	227	9	18	0.95	0.63	1.43	1.44	0.54	3.80
Small cell carcinoma	38	241	50	227	11	18	1.30	0.78	2.15	4.33	1.70	11.06
List A
Yes	54	42	60	35	12	1	1.21	0.63	2.32	5.69	0.64	50.60
No	196	199	222	192	33	17	1.05	0.77	1.44	1.99	1.01	3.94

Notes:

a Adjusted for age, pack-years, familial history of lung cancer, and occupation (list A), when corresponding;

b p21Ser/Ser and p53 Arg/Arg;

c p21 Arg carriers and p53 Arg/Arg or p21 Ser/Ser and p53 Pro carriers;

d p21 Arg carriers and p53 Pro carriers.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.