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Original Research

Penetration force and cannula sliding profiles of different pen needles: the PICASSO study

, &
Pages 311-317 | Published online: 28 Aug 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Tested needles: (A) Pikdare three bevels needle, with a lower primary bevel angle (7.5°) and a more streamlined shape (B) traditional three bevels needle, with a higher primary bevel angle (11°).

Figure 1 Tested needles: (A) Pikdare three bevels needle, with a lower primary bevel angle (7.5°) and a more streamlined shape (B) traditional three bevels needle, with a higher primary bevel angle (11°).

Figure 2 Typical force profile during the penetration of the test foil with a needle, showing the maximum load peak, e.g., the maximum force from the cutting resistance, followed by the sliding of the cannula.

Figure 2 Typical force profile during the penetration of the test foil with a needle, showing the maximum load peak, e.g., the maximum force from the cutting resistance, followed by the sliding of the cannula.

Figure 3 Maximum load by pen needle.

Abbreviation: gf, gram-force.
Figure 3 Maximum load by pen needle.

Figure 4 Average sliding by pen needle.

Abbreviation: gf, gram-force.
Figure 4 Average sliding by pen needle.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of maximum load and average sliding by pen needle

Table 2 Pairwise comparison of maximum load of different pen needles evaluated in the study

Table 3 Pairwise comparison of average sliding of different pen needles evaluated in the study