Prevalence and associated factors of low serum zinc concentration in adolescents of Gambella city, Southwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of high school adolescents in Gambella city, Southwest Ethiopia, April 2015

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Sex (N=302)
Male	159	52.6
Female	143	47.4
Marital status
Single	298	98.7
Married	3	1.3
Residence
Urban	300	99.3
Rural	2	0.7
Grade level
Nine	183	60.6
Ten	119	39.4
Religion
Orthodox	149	49.3
Protestant	103	34.1
Muslim	40	13.2
Catholic	10	3.3
Ethnicity
Oromo	82	27.2
Amara	64	21.2
Tigre	36	11.9
Agnuak	45	14.9
Nuer	27	8.9
Kambata	21	7.0
Others^Table Footnotea	27	8.9
Wealth status
Poor	88	29.1
Middle	92	30.5
High	112	40.4

Note:

a Wolayita, Hadiya, Gurage, Kafa, Sheka, Silte.

Figure 1 Physical activity levels of high school adolescents in Gambella city, Southwest Ethiopia, April 2015.

Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of factors associated with zinc deficiency among high school adolescents in Gambella city, Southwest Ethiopia, April 2015

Variables	Zinc deficiency		Crude OR	Adjusted OR	P-value
	Yes	No	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Sex (N=302)
Male	13	146	1.00	1.00
Female	16	127	1.41 (1.04–3.17)	1.21 (0.74–3.14)	0.09
Malarial history
Yes	14	49	4.27 (1.93–9.41)	4.12 (1.58–10.66)*	0.00
No	15	224	1.00	1.00
DDS
Lowest	19	79	4.74 (1.91–11.78)	4.23 (1.52–12.29)*	0.00
Medium	7	138	4.49 (1.27–15.90)	4.11 (1.88–19.19)*	0.07
Highest	3	56	1.000	1.000
PA levels
Inactive/insuffìciently active	6	89	1.00	1.00
Active	10	90	1.65 (1.45–8.15)	1.54 (1.29–5.54)*	0.00
Highly active	13	94	2.05 (1.55–8.42)	1.97 (1.43–6.39)*	0.00
HAZ
Stunted	6	18	3.69 (1.34–10.23)	2.84 (1.29–7.56)*	0.01
Not stunted	23	255	1.00	1.00
Wealth status
Poor	15	73	6.06 (1.91–21.69)	4.68 (1.41–9.49)*	0.00
Middle	10	82	3.59 (2.00–20.74)	2.85 (1.18–8.65)*	0.00
High	4	118	1.00	1.00
Meat intake
Yes	2	67	0.23 (0.053–0.993)	0.21 (0.05–1.69)	0.17
No	27	206	1.000	1.00

Note:

* P-value ≤0.05 on multivariate analysis.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DDS, dietary diversity score; HAZ, heightfor-age Z score; OR, odds ratio; PA, physical activity.

Figure 2 Nutritional status of high school adolescents in Gambella city, Southwest Ethiopia, April 2015.