Determinants of prelacteal feeding practice among postpartum mothers in Debre Markos town, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2016

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers in Debre Markos town, Amhara regional state, North West Ethiopia, September 2016, included in the study (N=262)

Variables		Frequency
Age, years	18–28	103 (39.3%)
	29–39	144 (55%)
	>40	15 (5.7%)
Educational level	Cannot read and write	36 (13.7%)
	Read and write	38 (14.5%)
	Primary education (grades 1–8)	40 (15.3%)
	Secondary education (grades 9–12)	67 (25.5%)
	College and above	81 (31%)
Religious affiliation	Orthodox Christian	241 (92%)
	Muslim	16 (6.1%)
	Catholic Christian	5 (1.9%)
Ethnicity	Amhara	258 (98.5%)
	Oromo	3 (1.1%)
	Tigre	1 (0.4%)
Marital status	Not married	31 (11.8%)
	Married	223 (85.1%)
	Divorced	7 (2.7%)
	Widowed	1 (0.4%)
Average monthly family income (ETB)	≤1,000	47 (17.9%)
	1,001–2,500	40 (15.3%)
	>2,500	175 (66.8%)
Employment status	Employed	176 (67.2%)
	Unemployed	86 (32.8%)
Type of family	Nuclear	240 (91.6%)
	Single parent	9 (3.4%)
	Extended	13 (5%)
Family size	2–3	77 (29.4%)
	4–5	163 (62.2%)
	>6	22 (8.4%)

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian birr.

Table 2 Characteristics of the newborn infants in Debre Markos town, Amhara regional state, North West Ethiopia, September 2016, included in the study (N=262)

Variables		Frequency
Sex	Male	154 (58.8%)
	Female	108 (41.2%)
Birth weight in grams	<1,000	3 (1.1%)
	1,000–1,500	11 (4.2%)
	1,500–2,500	69 (26.3%)
	2,500–4,000	167 (63.8%)
	>4,000	12 (4.6%)
Birth order	1	116 (44.3%)
	2	76 (29%)
	3	47 (17.9%)
	4	18 (6.9%)
	5	5 (1.9%)
History of admission to neonatal intensive care unit	Yes	37 (14.1%)
	No	225 (85.9%)
Timing of breast-feeding initiation	Within 1 hour	205 (78.2%)
	1–24 hours	28 (10.7%)
	After 1 day	29 (11.1%)

Table 3 Pregnancy and related factors among postnatal mothers in Debre Markos town, Amhara regional state, North West Ethiopia, September 2016 (N=262)

Variables		Frequency
Gestational age at birth (in weeks)	<32	2 (0.8%)
	32–37	34 (13%)
	37–42	222 (84.7)
	≥42	4 (1.5%)
Gravida	1	120 (45.8%)
	2	71 (27.1%)
	3	48 (18.3%)
	4	18 (6.9%)
	5	5 (1.9%)
Parity	1	123 (46.9%)
	2	79 (30.2%)
	3	45 (17.2%)
	4	10 (3.8%)
	5	5 (1.9%)
Antenatal care follow-up	Yes	232 (88.5%)
	No	30 (11.5%)
Site of antenatal care follow-up	Private institution	47 (17.9%)
	Governmental institution	215 (82.1%)
Mode of delivery	Spontaneous vaginal	241 (92%)
	Cesarean section	21 (8%)
Site of delivery	Home	43 (16.4%)
	Health institution	219 (83.6%)
Breast-feeding	Yes	207 (79%)
counseling from staff	No	55 (21%)

Figure 1 Types of prelacteal foods used by postnatal mothers in Debre Markos town, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia, September, 2016.

Table 4 Factors associated with PLF practice among postnatal mothers in Debre Markos town, Amhara regional state, North West Ethiopia, September 2016 (N=262)

Variables		PLF				P-value
		Yes	No	COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Educational status	Cannot read and write	14	22	4.5 (1.76–11.11.59)	3.5 (1.14–10.75)*	0.029
	Read and write	11	27	2.9 (1.10–7.59)
	Primary (grades 1–8)	6	34	1.25 (0.42–3.73)
	Secondary (grades 9–12)	9	58	1.1 (0.42–2.89)
	College and above	10	71	1	1
Infant’s sex	Male	39	115	2.99 (1.45–6.15)	2.8 (1.23–6.37)*	0.015
	Female	11	97	1	1
Antenatal care follow-up	Yes	38	194	1
	No	12	18	3.4 (1.52–7.64)
Place of delivery	Home	20	23	5.48 (2.69–11.17)	4.4 (1.78–10.85)*	0.001
	Health institution	30	189	1	1
Timing of breast-feeding initiation	Within 1 hour	27	178	1	1
	1–24 hours	7	21	2.2 (0.85–5.66)
	After 24 hours	16	13	8.1 (3.52–18.73)	6.4 (2.38–17.18)*	0.000
Breast-feeding counseling from health care providers	Yes	32	175	1
	No	18	37	2.66 (1.35–5.24)
Previous experience with	Yes	41	125	3.17 (1.47–6.86)	3.7 (1.48–9.22)*	0.05
PLF	No	9	87	1	1

Notes:

1 = Reference

* P-value <0.05 (significant).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; PLF, prelacteal feeding.