Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Iranian Pregnant Women

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of 267 Iranian Pregnant Women

Characteristics			n (%)
Vitamin D Status	SVDD/VDD	<10 ng/mL	140 (52.4)
		10–20 ng/mL	65 (24.3)
	Insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL)		39 (14.6)
	Optimal level (30–50 ng/mL)		23 (8.6)
Age (years)	18–29		183 (68.5)
	30–39		84 (31.5)
Season^a	Spring/summer		137 (51.3)
	Autumn/winter		130 (48.7)
Education (years)	≤12		149 (55.8)
	>12		118 (44.2)
BMI (kg/m^2)	Underweight (<18.5)		109 (40.8)
	Normal (18.5-24.9)		11 (4.1)
	Overweight (25–29.9)		102 (38.2)
	Obese (≥30)		45 (16.9)
Vitamin D Supplementation	Yes		39 (14.6)
	No		228 (85.4)

Note:

a Season of 25(OH)D measurements.

Abbreviations: VDD, vitamin D deficiency; SVDD, severe vitamin D deficiency.

Table 2 Maternal Characteristics and Vitamin D Status of 267 Iranian Pregnant Women

Characteristics		VDD (%)	P-value	SVDD (%)	P-value
Age (years)	18–29	80.3	0.04	60.7	<0.001
	30–39	69		34.5
Season^a	Spring/summer	71.5	0.03	46.7	0.05
	Autumn/winter	82.3		58.5
Education (years)	≤12	77.9	0.6	51.0	0.6
	>12	75.4		54.2
BMI (kg/m^Citation2)	Underweight (<18.5)	63.6	0.2	56.0	0.19
	Normal (18.5–24.9)	82.6		27.3
	Overweight (25–29.9)	74.5		54.9
	Obese(≥30)	71.1		44.4
Vitamin D Supplementation	Yes	10.3	0.001	0	<0.001
	No	88.9		61.4

Notes:

a Season of 25(OH)D measurements. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: VDD, vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL); SVDD, severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL).

Table 3 Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio for Vitamin D Deficiency in 267 Iranian Pregnant Women

Characteristics	Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	0.9 (0.8–1.0)
Autumn/winter season	1.8 (1.1–3.3)	1.93 (0.8–4.2)
Education ≤ 12 years	1.1 (0.6–2.0)	1.7 (0.8–3.8)
BMI	0.9 (0.9–1)	0.94 (0.8–1.0)
No supplementation	65.14 (21.50–197.60)	77.3 (23.9–249.6)

Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R. Estimates of Optimal Vitamin D Status. Springer; 2005.

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