Quality of life and parental styles assessed by adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases and their parents

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of adolescents with IBD and their parents with families of healthy controls

	IBD adolescents (n=27)	Healthy controls (n=39)	Statistics
Mean age, years	15.1±1.20	14.88±0.46	Mann–Whitney test: MW U =356: ns
Male/female	14:13	29:10	Fisher’s exact test: ns
Parenting style (ADOR)
ADOR mother positive	17.09±3.96	15.15±5.29	Unpaired t-test: t=1.511 df=61: ns
ADOR mother directive	12.59±4.39	11.95±3.81	Unpaired t-test: t=0.6001 df=60: ns
ADOR mother hostile	5.23±4.81	5.03±3.80	Unpaired t-test: t=0.1823 df=60: ns
ADOR mother autonomous	11.00±3.84	10.53±4.19	Unpaired t-test: t=0.4397 df=60: ns
ADOR mother desultory	7.73±4.90	8.19±3.96	Unpaired t-test: t=0.3983 df=58: ns
ADOR mother positive/hostile	11.86±7.88	11.24±6.40	Unpaired t-test: t=0.3357 df=60: ns
ADOR mother directive/autonomous	1.59±6.67	1.43±6.42	Unpaired t-test: t=0.09605 df=60: ns
ADOR father positive	12.32±6.6	15.37±4.52	Unpaired t-test: t=2.011 df=52: P<0.05
ADOR father directive	10.79±4.24	11.13±3.86	Unpaired t-test: t=0.3055 df=55: ns
ADOR father hostile	6.22±5.94	4.81±3.49	Unpaired t-test t=1.105 df=52: ns
ADOR father autonomous	11.16±5.19	10.66±3.40	Unpaired t-test: t=0.4367 df=55: ns
ADOR father desultory	7.63±5.17	7.97±3.83	Unpaired t-test: t=0.2798 df=54: ns
ADOR father positive/hostile	6.33±12.18	10.5±6.45	Unpaired t-test: t=1.619 df=50: ns
ADOR father directive/autonomous	-0.37±8.19	0.47±5.47	Unpaired t-test: t=0.4619 df=55: ns
Quality of life
KidScreen-10	38.82±8.58	38.24±4.76	Unpaired t-test: t=0.2798 df=54: ns
PedsQL total mother	66.84±14.78	76.17±14.65	Unpaired t-test: t=2.154 df=48: P<0.05
PedsQL total father	68.86±16.35	81.74±12.89	Unpaired t-test: t=2.765 df=38: P<0.01
PedsQL Fam mother	69.56±19.31	77.94±16.59	Unpaired t-test t=1.616 df=48: ns
PedsQL Fam father	71.73±17.41	80.89±16.89	Unpaired t-test: t=1.666 df=38: ns
PedsQL HRQoL mother	67.54±15.07	74.11±15.30	Unpaired t-test: t=1.464 df=48: ns
PedsQL HRQoL father	71.32±19.20	82.02±12.38	Unpaired t-test: t=2.148 df=38: P<0.05
Anxiety
SAD state	29.25±6.28	29.59±4.31	Unpaired t-test: t=0.2445 df=57: ns
SAD trait	32.75±9.49	31.80±6.10	Unpaired t-test: t=0.4708 df=59: ns
BAI mothers	9.50±10.39	5.26±4.75	Unpaired t-test: t=2.022 df=50: P<0.05
BAI fathers	6.20±5.83	4.44±4.87	Unpaired t-test: t=1.028 df=38: ns
Depression
CDI	45.86±35.54	38.76±28.53	Unpaired t-test t=0.8641 df=61: ns
BDI-II mothers	9.56±8.69	6.97±6.45	Unpaired t-test: t=1.208 df=49: ns
BDI-II fathers	7.23±6.50	3.64±3.51	Unpaired t-test: t=2.299 df=38: P<0.05

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or ratio. Values in bold represent a statistically significant result.

Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; ADOR, parental styles (positive, directive, hostile, autonomous, desultory, index positive/hostile, index directive/autonomous); PedsQL Fam, Family Functioning Summary Score; PedsQL HRQoL, Parent Health-Related Quality of Life Summary Score; PedsQL, Pediatrics Quality of Life; SAD, The Scale of Anxiety in Children; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CDI, Children’s Depression Inventory; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, second version; ns, not significant.

Table 2 Parental styles, depression, anxiety, and quality of life correlations in IBD families

Parental styles	Positive		Directive		Hostile		Autonomous		Desultory
Measurements	Mother	Father	Mother	Father	Mother	Father	Mother	Father	Mother	Father
KidScreen-10	0.46*	0.76***	−0.22	0.14	−0.70***	−0.64**	0.54*	0.16	−0.37	−0.61**
PedsQL child	0.18	0.77***	−0.08	−0.11	−0.44	−0.77***	0.31	0.40	−0.37	−0.69**
SAD state	−0.04	−0.51*	0.13	0.17	0.41	0.68**	−0.08	−0.45	0.25	0.28
SAD trait	0.06	−0.57*	0.25	0.27	0.38	0.77***	−0.08	−0.39	0.42	0.57*
BAI mothers	0.08	0.05	−0.45	−0.16	−0.12	−0.02	0.40	−0.03	0.16	0.06
BAI fathers	−0.03	−0.04	−0.09	0.00	−0.01	−0.03	0.16	0.06	0.32	0.27
CDI	−0.31	−0.75***	0.25	0.08	0.57**	0.78***	−0.44*	−0.44	0.32	0.69**
BDI-II mothers	−0.07	−0.28	−0.23	−0.20	0.11	0.22	0.11	−0.15	0.36	0.24
BDI-II fathers	−0.07	−0.17	−0.19	−0.29	0.04	0.04	0.37	0.11	0.21	0.07
PedsQL total mothers	−0.01	0.34	0.38	−0.11	0.08	−0.34	0.11	0.34	−0.04	−0.19
PedsQL total fathers	0.08	0.16	−0.26	−0.28	−0.33	−0.35	0.06	0.02	−0.28	−0.28

Notes:

* P<0.05;

** P<0.01;

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PedsQL, Pediatrics Quality of Life; SAD, The Scale of Anxiety in Children; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CDI, Children’s Depression Inventory; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, second version.