Insomnia in patients on hemodialysis for a short versus long duration

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of all the subjects and comparison of subjects with and without insomnia

Variables	Total (n=138)	Normal (n=63)	Insomnia (n=75)	P-value
Age (years)	66.8±11.9	67.4±12.5	66.4±11.5	0.608
Sex (male:female)	96:42	46:17	50:25	0.419a
HD time (hours)	3.8±0.4	3.8±0.4	3.8±0.4	0.955
HD duration (years)	6.5±6.2	6.0±6.3	6.9±6.1	0.413
BUN (mg/dL)	64.6±16.9	65.8±16.7	63.6±17.1	0.466
Cre (mg/dL)	10.4±3.1	10.4±3.2	10.4±3.0	0.934
SF-8	15.8±6.2	14.2±4.6	17.2±7.0	0.003*
CES-D	8.2±7.2	6.0±6.5	9.9±7.4	0.002*
Depression, n (%)	21 (15.2%)	7 (11.1%)	14 (18.7%)	0.218a
RLS, n (%)	26 (18.8%)	15 (23.8%)	11 (14.7%)	0.171a
PSQI
C1 – quality	0.8±0.9	0.3±0.6	1.3±0.9	0.195
C2 – latency	1.5±1.2	0.7±0.9	2.1±1.0	0.000*
C3 – duration	0.4±0.8	0.1±0.4	0.6±0.9	0.000*
C4 – efficacy	0.0±0.3	0.0±0.1	0.1±0.4	0.279
C5 – disturbances	0.7±0.5	0.6±0.5	0.9±0.4	0.001*
C6 – medication	1.0±1.4	0.4±1.0	1.5±1.5	0.000*
C7 – daytime dysfunction	0.5±0.8	0.2±0.5	0.7±0.9	0.000*
PSQI total score	4.9±3.0	2.4±1.4	7.0±2.2	0.000*
Insomnia, n (%)	75 (54.3%)	–	–	–

Notes: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. “–” indicates not applicable.

a Chi-square test.

* P<0.01.

Abbreviations: HD, hemodialysis; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cre, creatinine; SF-8, Short Form 8 Health Survey; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Table 2 Comparison of subjects with a short and a long HD duration

Variables	Short HD duration (n=72)	Long HD duration (n=66)	P-value
Age (years)	68.9±11.3	64.6±12.3	0.032*
Sex (male:female)	49:23	47:19	0.715a
HD time (hours)	3.7±0.5	3.9±0.3	0.004**
HD duration (years)	1.8±1.4	11.5±5.4	0.000**
BUN (mg/dL)	65.0±16.2	64.2±17.8	0.797
Cre (mg/dL)	9.6±2.8	11.2±3.1	0.002**
SF-8	15.7±5.9	16.0±6.6	0.775
CES-D	7.5±7.1	8.9±7.4	0.241
Depression, n (%)	9 (12.5%)	12 (18.2%)	0.477a
RLS, n (%)	13 (18.1%)	13 (19.7%)	0.805a
PSQI
C1 – quality	0.9±1.0	0.8±0.7	0.382
C2 – latency	1.4±1.2	1.6±1.1	0.309
C3 – duration	0.4±0.8	0.4±0.8	0.715
C4 – efficacy	0.0±0.2	0.1±0.4	0.512
C5 – disturbances	0.8±0.5	0.7±0.5	0.192
C6 – medication	0.8±1.3	1.2±1.5	0.130
C7 – daytime dysfunction	0.4±0.6	0.7±0.9	0.021*
PSQI total score	4.6±3.0	5.3±2.8	0.179
Insomnia, n (%)	35 (48.6%)	40 (60.6%)	0.174a

Notes: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise.

a Chi-square test.

* P<0.05.

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: HD, hemodialysis; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cre, creatinine; SF-8, Short Form 8 Health Survey; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of the total PSQI score for subjects with a short and a long HD duration

Groups	Beta coefficient	t-value	P-value
Short HD duration
Age (years)	−0.170	−1.280	0.205
Sex	0.022	0.177	0.860
HD time (hours)	−0.042	−0.286	0.776
HD duration (years)	−0.072	−0.512	0.610
SF-8	0.191	1.354	0.180
Depression	−0.051	−0.358	0.722
RLS	0.096	0.773	0.442
Long HD duration
Age (years)	−0.281	−2.104	0.040*
Sex	0.112	0.895	0.374
HD time (hours)	0.025	0.208	0.836
HD duration (years)	−0.126	−0.976	0.333
SF-8	0.348	2.462	0.017*
Depression	0.078	0.548	0.586
RLS	−0.183	−1.432	0.157

Note:

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HD, hemodialysis; SF-8, Short Form 8 Health Survey; RLS, restless legs syndrome.