Physical factors that influence patients’ privacy perception toward a psychiatric behavioral monitoring system: a qualitative study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Information system development privacy framework.

Notes: Reproduced with permission from Information Systems Development. Towards a privacy framework for information systems development. 2005b:77–88. Carew P, Stapleton L. With permission of Springer.¹⁵

Table 1 Overview of study context: dimensions of physical factors

Explanation and relationship
Factor	Aspect	Privacy	Study context
Physical	Environment	Environment can impact an individual’s social behavior and, therefore, their privacy preferences^Citation2	A patient behavior may be influenced by their environment^Citation25
	Territoriality (property)	The property owned by someone defines their privacy perceptions for that particular territory	The property owned by someone defines their privacy perceptions for that particular territory
	Territoriality (body)	If a person tries to touch a patient, he can deny the touch either by actions or words^Citation26	If a patient is being monitored and his behavior is being recorded, although no physical contact is involved, this could still disturb his territoriality (watching through video)
	Solitude (physical)	Solitude means the freedom to be alone. A patient has the right to be free from remote observation	Monitoring patient behavior is standard procedure in most psychiatric wards, therefore, remote observation cannot simply be removed or rejected by a patient or family member
	Repose	Being free of such things as a public address system that makes loud noises or lighting that is too bright	The camera should not be too bulky or obvious, and the camera’s location should not interrupt the patient’s daily routine in the ward
	Physical access	An individual has the right to physically control access to himself^Citation26	Some patients may have experienced physical abuse or sexual abuse that caused their mental illness.^Citation27 This could lead to a patient having a negative attitude to physical contact and being traumatized
	Sensory and communication channels	If there are too many ways of communicating, it reduces one’s control over privacy^Citation1	Sensory and communication channels have no relation to this study because a patient who is in-ward is usually not available or accessible to the outside world
	Violator (humanness and relationship)	A violator is a human or object that intrudes upon an individual’s privacy	There is a need to increase health care providers’ ethical commitment to ensuring that a patient’s privacy is not violated^Citation18

Figure 2 Modified model (right) and original model (left).

Notes: Reproduced with permission from Information Systems Development. Towards a privacy framework for information systems development. 2005b:77–88. Carew P, Stapleton L. With permission of Springer.¹⁵

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