Screening results correlating to personality disorder traits in a new employee population of People’s Republic of China

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and resilience of the study participants

Characteristics	Aged < 18 years (n=901)	Aged ≥ 18 years (n=3,059)	Total (n=3,960)
Educational level, n (%)
High school and below	691 (76.7)	2,394 (78.3)	3,085 (77.9)
College and above	210 (23.3)	665 (21.7)	875 (22.1)
Marital status of their parents, n (%)
Married	753 (83.6)	2,538 (83.0)	3,291 (83.1)
Divorced/separated	148 (16.4)	521 (17.0)	669 (16.9)
Parental rearing pattern, n (%)
Democratic	572 (63.5)	1,960 (64.1)	2,532 (63.9)
Authoritative	160 (17.8)	560 (18.3)	720 (18.2)
Indulgent	129 (14.3)	431 (14.1)	560 (14.1)
Neglected	40 (4.4)	108 (3.5)	148 (3.7)
Single-child status, n (%)
Singleton	407 (45.2)	1,452 (47.5)	1,859 (46.9)
Nonsingleton	494 (54.8)	1,607 (52.5)	2,101 (53.1)
Place of residence before entering the factory, n (%)
City	173 (19.2)	583 (19.1)	756 (19.1)
Town	728 (80.8)	2,476 (80.9)	3,204 (80.9)
Family income (Yuan/month), n (%)
<2,000	264 (29.3)	930 (30.4)	1,194 (30.2)
≥2,000	637 (70.7)	2,129 (69.6)	2,766 (69.8)
CD-RISC, mean (standard deviation)
Tenacity	31.0 (7.4)	31.2 (7.4)	31.2 (7.4)
Strength	23.9 (4.6)	23.8 (4.8)	23.9 (4.8)
Optimism	8.4 (2.6)	8.4 (2.7)	8.4 (2.7)
Total	63.3 (12.8)	63.5 (13.2)	63.4 (13.1)

Abbreviation: CD-RISC, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale.

Table 2 Frequency of distribution of all types of PD scores, n (%)

PD traits	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Paranoid	1,283 (31.7)	1,535 (37.9)	784 (19.4)	266 (6.6)	117 (2.9)	43 (1.1)	14 (0.3)	5 (0.1)
Schizoid	1,440 (35.6)	1,094 (27.0)	688 (17.0)	395 (9.8)	208 (5.1)	117 (2.9)	59 (1.5)	27 (0.7)	11 (0.3)	8 (0.2)
Schizotypal	913 (22.6)	1,252 (30.9)	863 (21.3)	488 (12.1)	298 (7.4)	155 (3.8)	60 (1.5)	17 (0.4)	1 (0.1)
Histrionic	1,434 (35.4)	936 (23.1)	689 (17.0)	479 (11.8)	271 (6.7)	141 (3.5)	72 (1.8)	24 (0.6)		1 (0.1)
Narcissistic	1,870 (46.2)	1,922 (25.3)	530 (13.1)	306 (7.6)	181 (4.5)	88 (2.2)	32 (0.8)	15 (0.4)	3 (0.1)
Borderline	284 (7.0)	598 (14.8)	853 (21.1)	890 (22.0)	711 (17.6)	440 (10.9)	190 (4.7)	73 (1.8)	8 (0.2)
Antisocial	236 (5.8)	620 (15.3)	984 (24.3)	918 (22.7)	684 (16.9)	360 (8.9)	174 (4.3)	63 (1.6)	8 (0.2)
Avoidant	1,080 (26.7)	972 (24.0)	722 (17.8)	501 (12.4)	332 (8.2)	241 (6.0)	114 (2.8)	55 (1.4)	21 (0.5)	9 (0.2)
Dependent	1,150 (28.4)	1,302 (32.2)	712 (17.6)	405 (10.0)	223 (5.5)	124 (3.1)	83 (2.1)	29 (0.7)	12 (0.3)	7 (0.2)
Obsessive–compulsive	2,494 (61.6)	814 (20.1)	378 (9.3)	188 (4.6)	97 (2.4)	37 (0.9)	26 (0.6)	8 (0.2)	5 (0.1)

Abbreviation: PD, personality disorder.

Table 3 Comparison of the scores of PD traits on age and educational level, mean (standard deviation)

PD traits	Age			Educational level			Total
	< 18 years	≥ 18 years	P-value	High school and below	College and above	P-value
Paranoid	1.73 (1.54)	1.71 (1.49)	0.762	1.69 (1.47)	1.72 (1.51)	0.602	1.72 (1.50)
Schizoid	1.16 (1.17)	1.16 (1.14)	0.888	1.13 (1.12)	1.17 (1.15)	0.315	1.16 (1.15)
Schizotypal	1.40 (1.57)	1.45 (1.61)	0.437	1.45 (1.60)	1.44 (1.60)	0.855	1.44 (1.60)
Histrionic	2.82 (1.61)	2.82 (1.60)	0.968	2.88 (1.57)	2.80 (1.61)	0.191	2.82 (1.60)
Narcissistic	1.86 (1.84)	1.95 (1.85)	0.192	1.89 (1.86)	1.95 (1.84)	0.382	1.93 (1.84)
Borderline	1.58 (1.59)	1.57 (1.61)	0.880	1.36 (1.45)	1.63 (1.64)	<0.001	1.57 (1.61)
Antisocial	0.72 (1.23)	0.75 (1.22)	0.491	0.55 (1.04)	0.80 (1.27)	<0.001	0.74 (1.22)
Avoidant	1.52 (1.59)	1.53 (1.61)	0.789	1.55 (1.60)	1.52 (1.61)	0.677	1.53 (1.60)
Dependent	1.13 (1.52)	1.11 (1.39)	0.755	0.99 (1.38)	1.15 (1.43)	0.003	1.11 (1.42)
Obsessive–compulsive	2.85 (1.69)	2.91 (1.67)	0.312	2.97 (1.56)	2.88 (1.71)	0.139	2.90 (1.67)
Total	16.68 (10.92)	16.90 (10.84)	0.595	16.39 (10.34)	16.98 (11.00)	0.154	16.85 (10.86)

Abbreviation: PD, personality disorder.

Table 4 Comparison of the scores of PD traits between family structure, mean (standard deviation)

PD traits	Marital status of parents			Parental rearing pattern					Single-child status
	Married	Divorced/separated	P-value	Democratic	Authoritative	Indulgent	Neglected	P-value	Non-singletons	Singletons	P-value
Paranoid	1.68 (1.48)	1.91 (1.58)	<0.001	1.62 (1.43)	1.79 (1.43)	1.92 (1.65)	2.20 (1.62)	<0.001	1.70 (1.46)	1.74 (1.55)	0.360
Schizoid	1.14 (1.12)	1.28 (1.26)	0.004	1.11 (1.09)	1.17 (1.21)	1.20 (1.16)	1.80 (1.50)	<0.001	1.16 (1.13)	1.16 (1.7)	0.920
Schizotypal	1.38 (1.54)	1.72 (1.82)	<0.001	1.29 (1.50)	1.56 (1.64)	1.73 (1.74)	2.31 (2.01)	<0.001	1.38 (1.54)	1.50 (1.66)	0.025
Histrionic	2.79 (1.60)	2.98 (1.62)	0.004	2.72 (1.56)	2.92 (1.61)	3.14 (1.74)	2.91 (1.60)	<0.001	2.78 (1.56)	2.87 (1.64)	0.100
Narcissistic	1.90 (1.82)	2.09 (1.94)	0.016	1.78 (1.78)	2.00 (1.78)	2.39 (2.00)	2.61 (2.08)	<0.001	1.89 (1.79)	1.98 (1.91)	0.128
Borderline	1.52 (1.56)	1.84 (1.82)	<0.001	1.39 (1.47)	1.66 (1.61)	2.08 (1.88)	2.41 (1.97)	<0.001	1.49 (1.54)	1.66 (1.68)	0.001
Antisocial	0.71 (1.20)	0.87 (1.35)	0.002	0.61 (1.10)	0.78 (1.25)	1.10 (1.41)	1.50 (1.69)	<0.001	0.67 (1.15)	0.82 (1.30)	<0.001
Avoidant	1.49 (1.58)	1.73 (1.69)	<0.001	1.35 (1.50)	1.65 (1.66)	1.98 (1.75)	2.22 (1.87)	<0.001	1.45 (1.56)	1.63 (1.64)	<0.001
Dependent	1.08 (1.39)	1.27 (1.55)	0.002	0.96 (1.30)	1.21 (1.46)	1.58 (1.68)	1.57 (1.64)	<0.001	1.05 (1.36)	1.18 (1.48)	0.005
Obsessive–compulsive	2.88 (1.68)	2.99 (1.67)	0.142	2.79 (1.65)	3.04 (1.68)	3.10 (1.73)	3.29 (1.73)	<0.001	2.90 (1.67)	2.90 (1.68)	0.859
Total	16.50 (10.59)	18.60 (11.96)	<0.001	15.55 (10.08)	17.70 (11.09)	20.11 (12.09)	22.69 (12.60)	<0.001	16.40 (10.47)	17.36 (11.26)	0.006

Abbreviation: PD, personality disorder.

Table 5 Comparison of the scores of PD traits between place of residence and family income, mean (standard deviation)

PD traits	Place of residence before entering the factory			Family income (Yuan/month)
	Rural	City	P-value	≥2,000	<2,000	P-value
Paranoid	1.71 (1.50)	1.74 (1.51)	0.691	1.70 (1.48)	1.75 (1.54)	0.354
Schizoid	1.17 (1.15)	1.12 (1.14)	0.290	1.09 (1.10)	1.33 (1.23)	<0.001
Schizotypal	1.41 (1.58)	1.56 (1.68)	0.023	1.40 (1.55)	1.53 (1.70)	0.024
Histrionic	2.77 (1.60)	3.04 (1.60)	<0.001	2.82 (1.59)	2.82 (1.63)	0.987
Narcissistic	1.92 (1.84)	1.99 (1.87)	0.368	1.90 (1.83)	2.01 (1.87)	0.077
Borderline	1.55 (1.58)	1.65 (1.71)	0.164	1.56 (1.59)	1.60 (1.65)	0.494
Antisocial	0.72 (1.21)	0.81 (1.30)	0.068	0.73 (1.19)	0.78 (1.30)	0.230
Avoidant	1.50 (1.60)	1.65 (1.63)	0.020	1.50 (1.57)	1.60 (1.67)	0.082
Dependent	1.10 (1.40)	1.16 (1.50)	0.287	1.09 (1.38)	1.18 (1.50)	0.048
Obsessive–compulsive	2.91 (1.69)	2.86 (1.62)	0.451	2.83 (1.64)	3.07 (1.74)	<0.001
Total	16.70 (10.80)	17.51 (11.10)	0.064	16.54 (10.51)	17.56 (11.60)	0.007

Abbreviation: PD, personality disorder.

Table 6 Correlation of resilience and PD traits

PD traits	Tenacity	Strength	Optimism	CD-RISC total score
Paranoid	−0.178*	−0.163*	−0.087*	−0.178*
Schizoid	−0.190*	−0.223*	−0.123*	−0.214*
Schizotypal	−0.186*	−0.222*	−0.015	−0.189*
Histrionic	−0.032*	−0.045*	−0.067*	−0.021*
Narcissistic	−0.134*	−0.157*	−0.014	−0.136*
Borderline	−0.303*	−0.320*	−0.111*	−0.311*
Antisocial	−0.253*	−0.300*	−0.088*	−0.271*
Avoidant	−0.297*	−0.271*	−0.107*	−0.288*
Dependent	−0.288*	−0.312*	−0.108*	−0.299*
Obsessive–compulsive	−0.043*	−0.033*	−0.006	−0.038*
Total	−0.260*	−0.277*	−0.075*	−0.263*

Notes: Adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics in Table 1.

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CD-RISC, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale; PD, personality disorder.