Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by targeting multiple cellular processes

Figures & data

Figure 1 CPCGI protects against brain injury after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in MCAO rats.

Notes: (A) Representative infarct volume measured by hematoxylin–eosin staining 14 days after reperfusion; (B) quantitative assessment of infarct volume ratios from experimental groups; (C) NSS scores; (D) adhesive removal assessment post-reperfusion. Data are expressed as mean values ± SD, *P<0.001 versus Sham; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus Model; n=8–10.
Abbreviations: CPCGI, compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; NSS, neurological severity scores; SD, standard deviation; H, high dose; L, low dose.

Figure 2 CPCGI prevents the loss of NeuN-positive neurons in the ischemic cortex penumbra post-MCAO in rats.

Notes: (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of NeuN labeling in the ischemic cortex penumbra; (B) quantification of NeuN-positive cells from experimental groups (magnification 40×, scale bar =20 µm). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, *P<0.001 versus Sham; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus Model; n=4.
Abbreviations: CPCGI, compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; SD, standard deviation; H, high dose; L, low dose.

Figure 3 CPCGI inhibits apoptosis induced by MCAO in the ischemic cortex.

Notes: (A) Bcl-2/Bax ratios; (B) GADD45α protein expression levels. Data are expressed as mean values ± SD, *P<0.001 versus Sham; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 versus Model; n=3.
Abbreviations: CPCGI, compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; SD, standard deviation; H, high dose; L, low dose.

Figure 4 CPCGI improves synaptic function in the ischemic cortex.

Notes: (A) Representative immunoblots of Synaptophysin, SNAP25, Syntaxin, Complexin-1/2, KIFC2 and β-actin; (B–F) quantification of protein levels in experimental groups: (B) Synaptophysin, (C) SNAP25, (D) Syntaxin, (E) Complexin-1/2, (F) KIFC2. The intensity of each band was normalized to β-actin. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, *P<0.05 versus Sham; ^#P<0.05 versus Model; n=3.
Abbreviations: CPCGI, compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; SD, standard deviation; H, high dose; L, low dose.

Figure 5 CPCGI increases the expression of UCP3 post-MCAO in the ischemic cortex.

Notes: The intensity of each band was normalized to β-actin. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, *P<0.05 versus Sham; ^#P<0.05 versus Model; n=3.
Abbreviations: CPCGI, compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; SD, standard deviation; H, high dose; L, low dose.