Depression and family support in breast cancer patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart for participant selection.

Abbreviations: APGAR, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of breast cancer patients between MINI responders and non-responders

Characteristics	MINI responders (N=300)*	(%)	Non-responders (n=151)	(%)	p-value
Age (mean SD)	48.16	9.07	48.85	7.87	0.43
18–40 years	63	(21.0)	22	(14.5)	0.24
41–54 years	171	(57.0)	91	(60.3)
≥55 years	66	(22.0)	38	(25.2)
Marriage
Yes	225	(75.3)	111	(74.0)	0.86
No	74	(24.7)	39	(26.0)
Occupation
Yes	125	(41.8)	70	(46.7)	0.38
No	174	(58.2)	80	(53.3)
Cigarette smoking
Yes	29	(9.7)	9	(6.0)	0.24
No	270	(90.3)	142	(94.0)
Alcohol drinking
Yes	101	(33.9)	51	(33.8)	1.00
No	197	(66.1)	100	(66.2)
Regular exercise
Yes	172	(57.5)	80	(53.0)	0.41
No	127	(42.5)	71	(47.0)
Insomnia
Yes	119	(39.8)	65	(43.0)	0.58
No	180	(60.2)	86	(57.0)
Stage
I–III	249	(96.5)	122	(97.6)	0.79
IV	9	(3.5)	3	(2.4)
Pain severity score (SD)	1.50	2.22	1.73	2.35	0.33
Family APGAR score (SD)	9.93	3.87	9.95	3.85	0.96

Note:

* Missing data excluded.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; APGAR, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve.

Table 2 Prevalence of major depression based on risk factors in breast cancer patients (N=300)

Variables	Group	Major depression/total number	Prevalence (%)	95% CI (%)	p-value
Total patients		25/300	8.33	5.21–11.46
Basic characteristics
Age	18–40 years	8/63	12.7	4.48–20.9	0.343
	41–54 years	13/171	7.60	3.63–11.6
	≥55 years	4/66	6.06	0.31–11.8
Marriage	No	6/74	8.11	1.89–14.3	0.928
	Yes	19/225	8.44	4.81–12.1
Cigarette smoking	No	22/270	8.15	4.88–11.4	0.793
	Yes	3/29	10.3	0.0–21.4
Alcohol drinking	No	18/197	9.14	5.11–13.2	0.515
	Yes	7/101	6.93	1.98–11.9
Regular exercise	Yes	11/172	6.40	2.74–10.1	0.153
	No	14/127	11.0	5.58–16.5
Psychosocial factors
Insomnia	Yes	16/119	13.5	7.32–19.6	0.010
	No	9/180	5.00	1.81–8.18
Taking sleeping pills	Yes	8/47	17.0	6.28–27.8	0.019
	No	17/252	6.75	3.65–9.84
Psychiatric family history	Yes	6/27	22.2	6.54–37.9	0.006
	No	19/254	7.48	4.25–10.7
Chronic pain within one year	Yes	14/84	16.7	8.70–24.6	0.001
	No	11/215	5.12	2.17–8.06
Cancer related factors
Menopause	Yes	10/180	5.60	2.21–8.90	0.031
	No	15/119	12.6	6.64–18.6
Duration of breast cancer	≤1 year	18/150	12.0	6.80–17.2	0.012
	>1 year	6/148	4.05	0.88–7.23
Stage of cancer	I–III	20/249	3.4	1.15–5.65	0.540
	IV	1/9	4.8	−9.17–18.8
Treatments
Operation	Yes	21/247	8.50	5.02–12.0	0.819
	No	4/53	7.55	0.44–14.7
Radiation therapy	Yes	20/176	11.36	6.67–16.1	0.024
	No	5/124	4.03	0.57–7.49
Hormone therapy	Yes	13/210	6.19	2.93–9.45	0.040
	No	12/90	13.33	6.31–20.4
Chemotherapy	Yes	20/215	9.30	5.42–13.2	0.334
	No	5/85	5.88	0.88–10.9
Target-drug therapy	Yes	8/68	11.7	4.11–19.4	0.244
	No	17/232	7.33	3.97–10.7

Table 3 Logistic regression analyses of factors associated with major depression

Characteristic	Associations with depression prevalence – odds ratios (95% CI) displayed for simultaneously entered covariates
	Unadjusted	Adjusted model 1a	Adjusted model 2b	Adjusted model 3c	Final model 4d
Age, years	0.96 (0.92–1.01)	0.96 (0.92–1.01)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.96 (0.91–1.01)+
Psychosocial factors
Insomnia (yes/no)	2.95 (1.26–6.92)*	2.38 (0.97–5.89)+	2.22 (0.87–5.65)+	2.44 (0.94–6.36)+	2.01 (0.78–5.15)
Psychiatric family history (yes/no)	3.81 (1.37–10.6)*	2.13 (0.71–6.43)	–	–	–
Pain severity (score)	1.29 (1.11–1.50)**	1.25 (1.07–1.47)**	1.32 (1.12–1.57)**	1.32 (1.11–1.56)**	1.27 (1.08–1.49)**
Cancer-related factors
Menopause (yes/no)	0.41 (0.18–0.94)*	–	0.50 (0.15–1.67)	0.43 (0.12–1.52)	–
Duration of breast cancer (years)	0.31 (0.12–0.84)*	–	0.31 (0.11–0.89)*	0.45 (0.15–1.40)	–
Treatment
Radiation therapy (yes/no)	3.05 (1.11–8.37)*	–	–	4.61 (1.40–15.1)*	5.53 (1.69–18.06)**
Hormone therapy (yes/no)	0.43 (0.19–0.98)*	–	–	0.32 (0.11–0.93)*	0.23 (0.08–0.62)**
Family support (score)	0.84 (0.75–0.93)***	–	–	–	0.87 (0.78–0.98)*

Notes:

a Adjusted for age, insomnia, psychiatric family history, and pain severity;

b Adjusted for age, insomnia, pain severity, menopause (yes/no), and duration of breast cancer (years);

c Adjusted for age, insomnia, pain severity, menopause (yes/no), duration of breast cancer (years), radiation therapy (yes/no), and hormone therapy (yes/no);

d Adjusted for age, insomnia, pain severity, radiation therapy (yes/no), hormone therapy (yes/no), and family support. Statistically significant

+ 0.05<p<0.10,

* p<0.05,

** p<0.01,

*** p<0.001. ‘–’, variables were not included in multiple logistic regression.