Migraine in young females with irritable bowel syndrome: still a challenge

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical data flowchart in IBS patients

	Migraine negative	Migraine positive	p-value
Age (years)	39.00±5.63	39.47±4.05	0.7964
CPP	0.60±0.51	1.27±0.59	0.0026
FM	0.28±0.50	1.44±0.92	0.0002
FA	0.33±0.49	1.27±0.80	0.0006
GAD score	4.20±1.26	8.13±3.85	0.0008
Alcohol abuse	13.3%	33.3%	0.2027
Drug abuse	6.6%	20%	0.2880
IBS-D	33.3%	40%	0.7081
IBS-C	53.3%	46.6%	0.7182
IBS-M	13.3%	13.3%	1

Notes: All numerical values are expressed as mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise. p-values in bold represent statistically significant difference.

Abbreviations: CPP, chronic pelvic pain; FA, food allergy; FM, fibromyalgia; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; IBS-C, constipation-predominant IBS; IBS-D, diarrhea-predominant IBS; IBS-M, alternating constipation/diarrhea (mixed) IBS.

Figure 1 Presence and severity of comorbidities: GAD, FA, DB, CPP, and FM in (A) migraine-negative group and (B) migraine-positive group.

Abbreviations: CPP, chronic pelvic pain; DB, dysbiosis; FA, food allergy; FM, fibromyalgia; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder.

Figure 2 Severity of anxiety (GAD) in IBS research participants.

Abbreviations: GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.

Table 2 Biological flowchart in IBS research participants

	Migraine negative	Migraine positive	p-value
Hb (g/dL)	12.58±0.81	12.44±0.75	0.6287
L/mm^3	7.49×10^3±0.73×10^3	7.20×10^3±0.7×10^3	0.3725
Plt/mm^3	257.33×10^3±55.25×10^3	276.33×10^3±73.11×10^3	0.4287
ALT (IU/L)	29.67±1.44	26.07±1.73	0.1207
Creat (mg/dL)	0.76±0.09	0.80±0.09	0.25
Gl (mg/dL)	87.13±7.22	88.33±5.73	0.6180
ESR (mm/h)	9.73±3.08	9.60±3.14	0.9073
DB	0.60±0.51	1.8±1.15	0.0009

Notes: All numerical values are expressed as mean ± SD. p-value in bold represents statistically significant difference.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminases; Creat, creatinine; DB, dysbiosis; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation ratio; Gl, glucose; Hb, hemoglobin; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; L, leucocytes; Plt, platelets.

Figure 3 Study of DB severity in IBS patients.

Abbreviations: DB, dysbiosis; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.

Figure 4 MIDAS correlations with DB, FM, FA, GAD, and CPP in migraine-positive patients.

Abbreviations: CPP, chronic pelvic pain; DB, dysbiosis; FA, food allergy; FM, fibromyalgia; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; MIDAS, migraine disability.

Figure 5 Fecal DB correlations: MIDAS and GAD in migraine-positive patients.

Abbreviations: DB, dysbiosis; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; MIDAS, migraine disability.