Application value of selected serum indicators in the differential diagnosis of geriatric depression and transient depressive state

Figures & data

Table 1 Analysis of demographic data and 9 serum indicators in the two groups

Indexes groups	Depression group (n=144)	TDS group (n=130)	χ^2 or t	P-value
Sex (M/F)	70/74	62/68	0.373	0.541a
Age (years)	72.2±11.6	73.6±9.8	1.073	0.284b
Height (cm)	161.6±9.7	159.5±10.2	1.746	0.082b
Weight (kg)	69.2±12.3	66.3±14.6	1.784	0.076b
Years of schooling	10.5±5.2	11.7±7.3	1.578	0.116b
HAMD scores	15.8±9.3	17.5±7.8	1.629	0.104b
BDNF (pg/mL)	251.48±62.32	293.33±85.62	4.665	0.001b
GDNF (pg/mL)	93.01±18.64	101.16±31.29	2.482	0.013b
FGF-2 (pg/mL)	192.54±58.72	199.17±66.42	1.148	0.252b
VEGF (pg/mL)	236.93±99.90	261.21±77.11	2.234	0.026b
IL-1β (pg/mL)	48.69±7.03	37.87±6.58	13.113	0.027c
IL-6 (pg/mL)	12.14±6.33	10.92±5.64	1.677	0.055c
IL-10 (pg/mL)	17.55±9.78	19.42±7.15	1.790	0.082c
TNF-α (pg/mL)	31.43±7.87	29.75±10.64	1.495	0.130b
Cortisol (ng/mL)	117.72±16.25	102.70±17.71	7.321	<0.001b

Notes:

a χ² test.

b Independent samples t-test.

c Rank sum test.

Abbreviations: HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; TDS, transient depressive state.

Table 2 Variables in logistic regression equation

Steps	Variables	B	SE	Wals	df	Sig	Exp (B)
Step 1a	IL-1β	0.260	0.039	48.026	1	<0.001	1.306
	Constant	−11.282	1.638	47.426	1	<0.001	0.000
Step 2b	IL-1β	0.274	0.044	39.400	1	<0.001	1.315
	Cortisol	0.074	0.017	19.820	1	0.005	1.077
	Constant	−19.519	2.978	42.961	1	<0.001	0.000
Step 3c	BDNF	−0.018	0.005	12.820	1	0.001	0.983
	IL-1β	0.256	0.047	29.244	1	<0.001	1.292
	Cortisol	0.093	0.020	21.220	1	0.003	1.097
	Constant	−16.258	3.078	27.897	1	<0.001	0.000

Notes:

a Variables step 1: IL-1β.

b Variables step 2: cortisol.

c Variables step 3: BDNF.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error of the mean; Sig, significance; Exp, exponent.

Figure 1 ROC curve of 3 serum indicators of single detection and combined detection.

Notes: (A) ROC curve of BDNF. (B) ROC curve of IL-1β. (C) ROC curve of cortisol. (D) ROC curve of combined detection.
Abbreviation: ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Table 3 Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity and the AUC of single serum marker detection and combined detection

Indexes	BDNF	IL-1β	Cortisol	Combined detection
AUC	0.714	0.903	0.778	0.926
Sensitivity	0.611	0.833	0.878	0.935
Specificity	0.689	0.778	0.523	0.800

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the ROC curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Table 4 Diagnosis accuracy of the combined detection model

Model diagnosis results	Actual diagnosis results
	Depression	TDS
Depression	50	6
TDS	4	34
Accuracy (%)	89.36

Abbreviation: TDS, transient depressive state.

Table S1 Detailed list of ELISA kits

Name	Company	Catalog number
BDNF	Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, CA, USA	OKBB00127
GDNF	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E04565h
FGF-2	Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, CA, USA	OKAA00030_48W
VEGF	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E11718h
IL-1β	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E08053h
IL-6	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E04638h
IL-10	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E04593h
TNF-α	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E04740h
Cortisol	Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China	CSB-E05111h

Abbreviation: ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.