Cytological and cytometric analysis of oral mucosa in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A, B) Histologic views of exfoliative cell samples. (C) Stereological formulas.

Table 1 Sociodemographic data of the patients

Sociodemographic data	AD patients (n=29)	PD patients (n=30)	Controls (n=30)	P-value
Age (mean years)	78.93±7.47	76.52±7.29	79.49±8.13	>0.05
Sex (male/female)	16/13	16/14	15/15	>0.05
MMSE	14.32±4.23	–	–
CDS	2.59±0.68	–	–
Modified Hoehn and Yahr score	–	2.41±0.53	–
UPDRS score	–	101.23±8.21	–
Time of disease (mean years)	8.4±2.41	9.3±3.2

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CDS, Clinical Dementia Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PD, Parkinson’s disease; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.

Table 2 NV and CV values according to AD stages

	AD group 1 (n=14)	AD group 2 (n=13)	Controls (n=30)	P-value
NV	482.19±215.10	470.39±122.75	509.30±100.21	0.889
CV	100,423.20±40,224.48	115,212.60±35,552.90	109,528.45±28,381.43	0.669

Notes: According to MMSE, the patients were grouped as mild (group 1), moderate (group 2), or severe (group 3). Since the number of severe stage patients was insufficient, they could not be included in the statistics.

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CV, cytoplasmic volume; NV, nuclear volume.

Table 3 NV and CV values according to PD stages

	PD group 1 (n=17)	PD group 2 (n=13)	Controls (n=30)	P-value
NV	503.39±100.22	511.71±152.86	509.30±100.21	0.122
CV	111,287.91±22,084.45	101,017.77±30,214.45	109,528.45±28,381.43	0.541

Notes: According to the Hoehn and Yahr stages, patients were divided into two subgroups: group 1 (stages 1 and 2) and group 2 (stages 3 and 4).

Abbreviations: CV, cytoplasmic volume; NV, nuclear volume; PD, Parkinson’s disease.

Table 4 Cytometric analysis results in AD patients, PD patients, and controls

	PD patients (n=30)	AD patients (n=29)	Controls (n=30)	P-value
Nuclear volume (µm^3)	509.71±132.26	484.39±117.10	509.30±100.21	0.35
Cytoplasmic volume (µm^3)	103,097.93±25,034.65	115,456.60±30,664.98	109,528.45±28,381.43	0.52

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; PD, Parkinson’s disease.