The effectiveness of parent participation in occupational therapy for children with developmental delay

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of control variables between two groups, by categorical variable

Characteristics of children	All cases (n=30)		Experimental group (n=15)		Control group (n=15)		Chi-square value
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Gender							0.60
Boy	20	66.6	9	60	11	73.33
Girl	10	33.33	6	40	4	26.67
Delay degree							3.06
−1 to −2 SD	13	43.34	4	26.67	9	60
−2 to −3 SD	10	33.33	6	40	4	26.67
−3 SD above	7	23.33	5	33.33	2	13.33

Table 2 Comparison of physiological age and developmental age between the two groups

Variables	All cases (n=30)		Experimental group (n=15)		Control group (n=15)		t value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Physiological age	46.8	16.0	48.27	16.20	46.02	15.37	0.381
Developmental age	34.25	15.22	30.22	12.49	38.27	17.01	−1.475

Table 3 Comparison of mean of raw scores of development on differ stage between two groups

Variable groups	Pretest (T1)		Posttest (T2)		Differences (T2 – T1)		t value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Cognitive ability
Experimental group	44.40	19.56	61.66	18.85	17.26	12.65	−5.286***
Control group	51.93	22.29	56.40	22.14	4.46	6.561	−2.617*
Verbal ability
Experimental group	37.46	15.78	50.53	13.01	13.06	9.66	−5.238***
Control group	42.46	16.43	47.20	16.57	4.73	3.28	−5.583***
Gross motor ability
Experimental group	38.86	10.30	45.53	10.26	6.66	4.89	−5.276***
Control group	43.33	8.12	45.13	8.23	1.80	2.31	−3.024**
Fine motor ability
Experimental group	25.33	8.62	33.53	7.79	8.20	7.05	−4.503***
Control group	27.60	8.64	30.86	8.46	3.26	2.63	−4.808***
Total motor score
Experimental group	64.20	18.66	79.06	17.69	14.86	11.56	−4.980***
Control group	70.93	16.52	76.00	16.68	5.06	3.88	−5.055***
Social ability
Experimental group	33.06	9.18	43.86	9.26	10.8	8.19	−5.104***
Control group	39.86	10.76	41.40	11.63	1.53	5.40	−1.098
Self-care ability
Experimental group	27.60	8.91	36.20	9.51	8.6	6.31	−5.278***
Control group	33.53	9.92	34.40	10.20	0.86	3.73	−0.898
Total testing score
Experimental group	206.06	66.28	272.40	62.97	66.33	34.50	−7.445***
Control group	238.73	71.97	255.40	74.11	16.66	15.12	−4.269***

Notes:

* P<0.05.

** P<0.01.

*** P<0.001.

Table 4 Comparison of pretest and posttest of developmental age of CDIIT between two groups

Variable groups	Pretest (T1)		Posttest (T2)		Difference (T2 – T1)		t test
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Cognitive ability					Effect size: 1.99
Experimental group	36.02	16.64	52.40	16.64	14.38	10.76	−5.174***
Control group	42.74	18.56	46.30	18.30	3.55	5.45	−2.524*
Verbal ability					Effect size: 1.49
Experimental group	31.69	14.32	46.81	14.55	15.12	9.03	−6.482***
Control group	38.67	16.82	45.22	18.96	6.54	5.74	−4.416***
Gross motor ability					Effect size: 2.12
Experimental group	30.70	13.36	44.01	15.09	13.31	10.46	−4.929***
Control group	38.02	16.20	41.48	17.24	3.46	4.56	−2.933*
Fine motor ability					Effect size: 1.82
Experimental group	30.70	14.40	47.70	16.46	17.00	15.67	−4.200***
Control group	35.16	17.42	41.80	18.69	6.63	5.70	−4.503***
Total motor score					Effect size: 1.55
Experimental group	29.31	14.70	45.75	15.79	16.44	10.97	−5.801***
Control group	36.63	16.99	40.32	20.44	3.68	8.23	−1.736
Social ability					Effect size: 1.50
Experimental group	27.34	12.56	42.72	13.38	15.38	11.70	−5.082***
Control group	37.58	15.20	40.14	17.35	2.56	8.54	−1.164
Self-care ability					Effect size: 1.89
Experimental group	27.70	10.19	41.42	14.60	13.72	9.12	−5.825***
Control group	37.98	14.54	39.63	15.66	1.65	6.40	−1.000
Total testing score					Effect size: 2.81
Experimental group	30.22	12.49	46.75	14.79	16.52	7.34	−8.719***
Control group	38.76	16.83	43.05	18.80	4.29	4.36	−3.559**

Notes:

* P<0.05.

** P<0.01.

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviation: CDIIT, Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers.

Table 5 Comparison of differences in developmental progression between two groups

Variable groups	Mean	SD	t value	P-value
Cognitive ability			3.475**	0.002
Experimental group	14.38	10.76
Control group	3.53	5.45
Verbal ability			3.102**	0.004
Experimental group	15.12	9.03
Control group	6.54	5.74
Gross motor ability			3.343**	0.002
Experimental group	13.31	10.46
Control group	3.46	4.56
Fine motor ability			2.407*	0.023
Experimental group	17.00	15.67
Control group	6.63	5.70
Total motor score			3.724**	0.001
Experimental group	17.16	12.21
Control group	3.01	8.19
Social ability			3.602**	0.001
Experimental group	16.44	10.97
Control group	3.68	8.22
Self-care ability			4.194***	0.000
Experimental group	13.72	9.12
Control group	1.65	6.40
Total motor score			5.106***	0.000
Experimental group	66.33	34.50
Control group	16.52	4.36

Notes:

* P<0.05.

** P<0.01.

*** P<0.001.