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Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Volume 15, 2019 - Issue
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Review

Neurocognitive mechanisms of theory of mind impairment in neurodegeneration: a transdiagnostic approach

Cherie Strikwerda-Brown1 The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];2 The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];3 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected]
,
Siddharth Ramanan1 The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];2 The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];3 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected]
&
Muireann Irish1 The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];2 The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected];3 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [email protected]Correspondence[email protected]
Pages 557-573 | Published online: 20 Feb 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 The exponential increase in number of published articles on theory of mind since its inception.

Notes: Asterisk (*) refers to the first appearance of the term “theory of mind”, coined by Premack and Woodruff in 1978.Citation1 In total, a PubMed search returned 1,454 studies containing the term “theory of mind” in the title as on November 23, 2018. PubMed search was limited to empirical studies and review papers, published in English, on and after 1978.
Figure 1 The exponential increase in number of published articles on theory of mind since its inception.

Figure 2 A distributed brain network supporting ToM reasoning, highlighting the corresponding putative general cognitive function and ToM-specific roles of each region.

Note: Lighter shades indicate medially located regions, whereas darker shades indicate laterally located regions.
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ATL, anterior temporal lobe; fIN, frontoinsular; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; ToM, theory of mind.
Figure 2 A distributed brain network supporting ToM reasoning, highlighting the corresponding putative general cognitive function and ToM-specific roles of each region.

Figure 3 Schematic displaying differential vulnerability of key nodes of the ToM network across neurodegenerative disorders.

Note: Colored regions depict a site of pathological disruption rather than the overall magnitude of atrophy in each syndrome.
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATL, anterior temporal lobe; bvFTD, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia; fIN, frontoinsular; HD, Huntington’s disease; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PD, Parkinson’s disease; SD, semantic dementia; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; ToM, theory of mind.
Figure 3 Schematic displaying differential vulnerability of key nodes of the ToM network across neurodegenerative disorders.

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