Modulatory interactions of resting-state brain functional connectivity in major depressive disorder

Figures & data

Table 1 Components and regions of interests defined by the spatial ICA analysis

	Component	Region	Abbr.	MNI coordinates
				X	Y	Z
Default mode network	19	Posterior cingulate gyrus	PCC	3	−52	26
		Medial prefrontal gyrus	MPFC	3	58	6
Left executive network	17	Left superior frontal gyrus	LSFG	−33	22	52
		Left superior parietal lobule	LSPL	−50	−51	50
Right executive network	9	Right superior frontal gyrus	RSFG	27	28	52
		Right superior parietal lobule	RSPL	36	−66	48
Salience network	13	Left inferior frontal gyrus	LIFG	−48	19	−5
		Right inferior frontal gyrus	RIFG	48	16	−5
Dorsal attention network	5	Left inferior parietal lobule	LIPL	−45	−42	56
		Right inferior parietal lobule	RIPL	48	−39	55
Auditory network	7	Left superior temporal gyrus	LSTG	−62	−1	9
		Right superior temporal gyrus	RSTG	62	−26	16
Extrastriate network	20	Left middle temporal gyrus	LMTG	−50	−65	10
		Right middle temporal gyrus	RMTG	45	−76	10
Motor network	1	Left precentral gyrus	LPCG	−48	−7	54
		Right precentral gyrus	RPCG	48	−13	54

Abbreviations: ICA, independent component analysis; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institutel MPFC, medial prefrontal gyrus; PCC, posterior cingulate gyrus; LSFG, left superior frontal gyrus; RSFG, right superior frontal gyrus; RSPL, right superior parietal lobule; LSPL, left superior parietal lobule; RIFG, right inferior frontal gyrus; LIFG, left inferior frontal gyrus; LIPL, left inferior parietal lobule; RIPL, right inferior parietal lobule; LSTG, left superior temporal gyrus; RSTG, right superior temporal gyrus; LMTG, left middle temporal gyrus; RMTG, right middle temporal gyrus; LPCG, left precentral gyrus; RPCG, right precentral gyrus.

Figure 1 The distribution diagram of regions of interesting which stand for eight resting-state networks.

Note: Above diagram shows the lateral brain from both sides respectively.
Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; PCC, posterior cingulate gyrus; MPFC, medial prefrontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SPL, superior parietal lobule; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; STG, superior temporal gyrus; PCG, precentral gyrus; MTG, middle temporal gyrus.

Table 2 The PPI results of the patient group for each network

Network	Label	BA	Voxels	Peak T	Peak coordinates
					X	Y	Z
DMN	Insular_R	48	62	4.92	39	9	3
	SupraMarginal_R	2	116	4.48	69	−27	27
	SupraMarginal_L	2	107	4.49	−66	−27	33
	Cingulum_Mid_L	24	31	4.48	−9	12	36
	Supp_Motor_Area_L	6	29	4.04	−6	−15	51
	Rolandic_Oper_L	48	36	3.92	60	9	0
	Insular_L	48	26	3.88	−39	0	9
	Superior Frontal Gyrus	11	36	−5.38	−24	57	−3
	Frontal_Mid_L	9	57	−4.95	−39	12	51
	Medial Frontal Gyrus	11	31	−4.75	3	39	−15
	Cingulum_Mid/Post	23	54	−4.38	3	−42	33
	Angular_L	39	102	−4.20	−45	−66	39
AN	Insular_R	48	46	4.09	39	−9	−12
	Putamen_R	48	26	4.40	27	−9	3
	Precentral_R	6	102	5.45	54	0	42
	Postcentral_R	43	86	4.76	57	−6	21
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_R	43	95	4.76	57	−6	21
	Postcentral_L	43	273	5.19	−60	−12	33
	Precentral_L	6	44	3.56	−51	3	33
	Insular_L	48	57	4.73	−33	−12	15
	SupraMarginal_R	2	87	4.15	63	−24	39
DAN	Postcentral_R	2	96	5.08	42	−39	60
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_R	6	44	4.51	60	12	12
	Postcentral_L	3	84	4.01	−42	−33	51
	Parietal_Inf_L	3	63	4.49	−42	−27	39
	SupraMarginal_L	48	62	4.18	−57	−27	24
	Precuneus_R	5	36	4.39	9	−60	57
	Frontal_Sup_R	6	74	4.33	21	3	60
	SupraMarginal_R	2	119	4.31	66	−18	30
	Lentiform Nucleus Right	48	30	4.08	27	−9	6
	Parietal_Sup_L	5	43	4.06	−21	−54	57
MN	Rolandic_Oper_L	48	151	6.67	−60	0	6
	Insular_L	48	181	6.01	−39	3	−3
	Postcentral_L	22	349	5.02	−63	−18	15
	SupraMarginal_R	2	222	6.55	69	−21	27
	Rolandic_Oper_R	48	246	5.81	66	−3	12
	Precentral_R	6	142	3.87	63	12	21
	Postcentral_R	4	197	5.39	54	−3	36
	Insular_R	48	133	5.31	39	−6	9
	Cingulum_Mid_L	24	62	6.50	0	−6	48
	Cingulum_Mid_R	24	61	5.61	9	15	33
	Supp_Motor_Area	6	235	3.87	0	−6	66
	Postcentral_R	4	43	5.08	24	−30	66
	Temporal_Mid_R	21	25	3.81	57	−48	6
LEN	N.S.
REN	N.S.
SN	Supp_Motor_Area	24	356	5.59	−6	3	48
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_R	48	91	5.57	60	15	0
	Thalamus_R (aal)		77	4.87	18	−12	9
	Temporal_Sup_L	22	96	5.18	−57	12	−3
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_L	6	39	4.92	−60	9	18
	Temporal_Mid_R	42	80	4.92	57	−42	3
	Insula_L	48	76	4.52	−36	0	6
	Lentiform Nucleus Left		63	4.48	−24	−6	0
	Temporal_Sup_R	42	71	4.12	60	−33	18
	SupraMarginal_R	48	76	3.77	57	−15	24
	Precentral_R	4	43	4.03	54	0	39
EN	Postcentral_R	2	342	5.83	42	−36	57
	Frontal_Sup_R	6	204	5.99	27	−3	60
	SupraMarginal_R	2	308	5.49	57	−27	36
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_R	6	154	5.60	60	12	12
	Frontal_Inf_Oper_L	6	99	5.18	−57	9	12
	Precentral_L	44	77	4.40	−51	6	33
	Lentiform Nucleus Right		84	5.06	24	−9	6
	Cerebellum Anterior Lobe		41	4.63	15	−48	−24
	Cerebellum Anterior Lobe		59	4.51	0	−42	−12
	Lentiform Nucleus Left	48	71	4.39	−33	−3	6

Notes: The clusters of negative modulation are shown as negative peak t-values. The clusters are thresholded at P<0.001, and cluster-level false discovery rate corrected at P=0.05. The coordinates represents the coordinates in MNI spaces.

Abbreviations: BA, Brodmann’s area; R, right; L, left; N.S., non-significant; AN, auditory network; DAN, dorsal attention network; MN, motor network; LEN, left executive network; REN, right executive network; SN, salience network; EN, extrastriate network.

Figure 2 The modulatory effectives of those eight RSNs after cluster-level false discovery rate corrected.

Note: Only the default mode network showed negative results which indicate left angular gyrus and medial frontal gyrus restrain MPFC and PCC work together.
Abbreviations: PCC, posterior cingulate gyrus; MPFC, medial prefrontal gyrus; R, right; L, left; AN, auditory network; DAN, dorsal attention network; MN, motor network; LEN, left executive network; REN, right executive network; SN, salience network; EN, extrastriate network.

Figure 3 The positive modulatory effects are showed in warm color, and this diagram exhibits the insular gyrus effect of AN, MN, DMN, SN in a transverse view.

Notes: The maps were thresholded at P<0.05 FDR corrected with a height threshold of P<0.001. The values above the brain atlas represent the z coordinate of MNI space.
Abbreviations: MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; FDN, false discovery rate; AN, auditory network; MN, motor network; DMN, default mode network; SN, salience network.