Resting-state functional changes in the precuneus within first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of MDD and HC groups (VBM)

Clinical variables	MDD (n=31)	HC (n=28)	t/χ^2	P-value	95% CI
Age	33.13±9.77	32.96±9.33	0.066	0.948	−4.829 to 5.158
Gender (male/female)	17:14	17:11	0.208	0.648
Years of education	15.74±4.81	18.28±3.02	−2.455	0.018	−4.666 to −0.422
Age of onset	32.33±9.74
Illness duration	11.75±17.91
HAM-D	20.10±3.39
HAM-A	15.77±5.00

Abbreviations: HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HC, healthy control; MDD, major depressive disorder; VBM, voxel-based morphometry.

Table 2 Demographic data of MDD and HC groups (rs-fMRI)

Clinical variables	MDD (n=27)	HC (n=27)	t/χ^2	P-value	95% CI
Age	33.81±10.37	32.18±9.02	0.616	0.541	−3.679 to 6.939
Gender (male/female)	14:13	15:12	0.074	0.785
Years of education	15.78±4.99	18.48±3.12	−2.389	0.021	−4.975 to 0.432
Age of onset	32.85±10.37
Illness duration	10.02±16.24
HAM-D	20.62±3.22
HAM-A	15.69±5.18

Abbreviations: HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HC, healthy control; MDD, major depressive disorder; rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Figure 1 Lower ALFF value in the MDD group: bilateral precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, right middle cingulate cortex, right calcarine, left calcarine, right lingual gyrus, and left cuneus.

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; MDD, major depressive disorder.

Figure 2 Lower fALFF value in the MDD group: bilateral precuneus and middle cingulate cortex.

Abbreviations: fALFF, functional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; MDD, major depressive disorder.

Figure 3 Lower ReHo value in the MDD group: bilateral precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and middle cingulate cortex.

Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; ReHo, regional homogeneity.

Table 3 Differentiated brain areas between the MDD and HC groups (rs-fMRI)

Index	Voxels	L/R	Brain areas	BA	x	y	z	Peak intensity
ALFF	155	R	Precuneus	23	9	−42	39	−3.8675
	96	L	Precuneus
	65	R	Middle cingulate cortex
	53	R	Calcarine
	42	L	Calcarine
	42	R	Lingual gyrus
	34	L	Cuneus
fALFF	74	R	Precuneus	23	9	−45	36	−4.3126
	41	L	Precuneus
	32	R	Middle cingulate cortex
	16	L	Middle cingulate cortex
ReHo	180	R	Precuneus	23	9	−51	24	−4.044
	85	L	Precuneus
	41	L	Posterior cingulate cortex
	38	R	Posterior cingulate cortex
	29	R	Middle cingulate cortex
	23	L	Middle cingulate cortex

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; BA, Brodmann area; fALFF, functional ALFF; HC, healthy control; L, left; MDD, major depressive disorder; R, right; ReHo, regional homogeneity; rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 4 Partial correlation of the HAM-D-17 and indexes of rs-fMRI

HAMD-17	Covariates	ALFF	fALFF	ReHo
HAM-D-17	–	−0.341/0.089	−0.475/0.014*	−0.145/0.478
HAM-D-17	Years of education	−0.400/0.048*	−0.497/0.012*	−0.311/0.130

Note:

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; fALFF, functional ALFF; HAM-D-17, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ReHo, regional homogeneity; rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.