Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to improve cognitive dysfunction and encephalatrophy induced by N₂O for recreational use: a case report

Figures & data

Table 1 Motor nerve conduction in a patient with a history of N₂O abuse

Motor nerves	Lat SD (ms)		Amp SD (mV)		CV SD (m/s)		Amp% SD		F SD (ms)
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Right medianus	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	22.5	27.5
Wrist–APB	3.7	3.7	8.0	4.7	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bel EIb–wrist	8.6	8.4	7.5	3.1	43.9	50.0	−6	−33	–	–
Left medianus	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	22.5	29.0
Wrist–APB	4.1	3.6	4.0	3.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bel EIb–wrist	9.2	7.3	2.3	2.2	43.1	51.4	−43	−28	–	–
Right ulnaris	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	27.3	28.7
Wrist–ADM	2.4	2.4	8.2	8.3	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bel EIb–wrist	7.9	7.2	7.6	7.8	43.6	51.0	−7	−6	–	–
Left ulnaris	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	27.7	26.3
Wrist–ADM	2.2	2.6	8.2	6.6	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bel EIb–wrist	8.2	7.5	7.2	5.9	42.5	52.0	−13	−10	–	–
Right tibialis	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ankle–AHB	2.8	2.8	0.1	0.1	–	–	–	–	–	–
Left tibialis	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ankle–AHB	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Right peroneus	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ankle–EDB	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Left peroneus	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ankle–EDB	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Notes: Before indicates that the patient was not treated. After indicates that the patient was treated.

Abbreviations: ADM, abductor digiti minimi; AHB, abductor hallucis brevis; Amp, amplitude; APB, abductor pollicis brevis; Bel Elb, below elbow; CV, conduction velocity; EDB, extensor digitorum brevis; F, F-wave; Lat, latency.

Figure 1 (A) Before the HBOT and (B) after the HBOT.

Abbreviation: HBOT, hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Table 2 Sensory nerve conduction in a patient with a history of N₂O abuse

Sensory nerves	Lat SD (ms)		Amp SD (mV)		CV SD (m/s)		Amp% SD
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Right medianus	2.7	1.98	24	38	42.6	53.0	–	–
Dig III–wrist	4.9	0.7	–	–	–	–	–	–
Left medianus	2.6	1.81	28	33	42.3	55.2	–	–
Dig III–wrist	4.3	−0.2	–	–	–	–	–	–
Right unarius	2.0	1.62	13	17	45	55.6	–	–
Dig V–wrist	0.9	−1.3	–	–	–	–	–	–
Left unarius	1.79	1.58	15	21	50.3	53.8	–	–
Dig V–wrist	−0.3	−1.5	–	–	–	–	–	–
Right suralis	1.92	1.69	7.1	14	46.9	53.3	–	–
Ankle–foreleg	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Left suralis	1.88	1.73	5.3	13	47.9	54.9	–	–
Ankle–foreleg	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Notes: Before indicates that the patient was not treated. After indicates that the patient was treated.

Abbreviations: Amp, amplitude; CV, conduction velocity; Lat, latency; Dig, digiti.