Figures & data
Table 1 Coding of brain regions. To reduce the number of all brain regions occurring in the analyzed studies, they were summarized to 17 main regions
Table 2 Studies on structural connectivity using DTI
Table 3 Studies on functional connectivity with fMRi in resting state
Table 4 Studies on functional connectivity in task-related fMRI
Table 5 Studies on functional connectivity with EEG, MEG and SPECT
Table 6 Studies on effective connectivity
Figure 1 Functional connectivity (FC) for MDD patients compared with healthy controls for resting state (left) and task-related fMRI studies (right).
Notes: A/F: sagittal, lateral view; b/g: sagittal, anterior view; C/H: lateral view of the surface; D/I: sagittal, dorsal view; E/J: lateral view, insula displayed by removing the opercular brain segments. The orange lines represent increased, the blue lines decreased FC. The circles indicate an altered self-referential connectivity (ie, within the region). Colors of the brain regions are coded according to .
Abbreviations: fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Figure 2 Synopsis of findings on FC in MDD compared to healthy controls using fMRI/resting state.
Notes: The matrix shows the findings on connectivity alterations between the 17 brain regions (see ), separated for decreased connectivity (lower triangle, blue) and increased connectivity (upper triangle, orange). The numbers in the cells specify the number of studies where this kind of altered connectivity was found.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Figure 3 Histogram of the 17 regions found in fMRI/resting state studies showing the number of studies that found a region to have an altered FC with another region.
Notes: Blue: decreased connectivities in MDD compared to healthy controls; orange: increased connectivities in MDD compared to healthy controls.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Figure 4 Synopsis of findings on functional connectivity in MDD compared to healthy controls using task-related fMRI.
Notes: The matrix shows the findings on FC alterations between the 17 brain regions (see ), separated for decreased connectivity (lower triangle, blue) and increased connectivity (upper triangle, orange). The numbers in the cells specify the number of studies where this kind of altered FC was found.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Figure 5 Histogram of the 17 regions found in fMRI/task-related studies showing the number of studies that found a region to have an altered FC with another region.
Notes: Blue: decreased connectivities in MDD compared to healthy controls; orange: increased FC in MDD compared to healthy controls.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MDD, major depressive disorder.
