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Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Volume 15, 2019 - Issue
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Original Research

Depressed mood induction in early cigarette withdrawal is unaffected by acute monoamine precursor supplementation

Yekta Dowlati1 CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected]
,
Danilo R de Jesus1 CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected]
,
Peter Selby1 CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];3 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
,
Ian Fan2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];4 Mood Disorders Association of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
&
Jeffrey H Meyer1 CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected];2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada, [email protected]Correspondence[email protected]
Pages 311-321 | Published online: 23 Jan 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Timing of VAS, USS and POMS relative to MIP.

Abbreviations: MIP, mood induction procedure; VAS, visual analog scale; USS, urge to smoke scale; POMS, profile-of-mood-state.
Figure 1 Timing of VAS, USS and POMS relative to MIP.

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics

Figure 2 Significant increase in VAS depressed mood scores after the sad MIP during supplement (mean ± SD: 1.56±2.09 cm, t[20]=3.43) and Placebo (mean ± SD: 1.12±1.81 cm, t[20]=2.84) but no effect of dietary supplement in reducing vulnerability to sad mood after sad MIP compared to placebo (rmANOVA: F[1,19]=0.56, P=0.47).

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; MIP, mood induction procedure; rmANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA.
Figure 2 Significant increase in VAS depressed mood scores after the sad MIP during supplement (mean ± SD: 1.56±2.09 cm, t[20]=3.43) and Placebo (mean ± SD: 1.12±1.81 cm, t[20]=2.84) but no effect of dietary supplement in reducing vulnerability to sad mood after sad MIP compared to placebo (rmANOVA: F[1,19]=0.56, P=0.47).

Figure 3 Significant increase in USS scores after sad MIP during supplement (mean ± SD: 0.63±0.83, t[20]=3.50) and placebo (mean ± SD: 0.45±0.68, t[20]=3.04) with no differences between the groups for change in USS scores (rmANOVA: F[1,19]=0.72, P=0.41).

Abbreviations: USS, urge-to-smoke scores; MIP, mood induction procedure; rmANOVA, repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Figure 3 Significant increase in USS scores after sad MIP during supplement (mean ± SD: 0.63±0.83, t[20]=3.50) and placebo (mean ± SD: 0.45±0.68, t[20]=3.04) with no differences between the groups for change in USS scores (rmANOVA: F[1,19]=0.72, P=0.41).

Figure 4 Significant correlation between the change in VAS depressed mood scores on both active study visits (Pearson r=0.57, P=0.007, R2=0.32). B (degree of slope) in regression is 0.54.

Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale.
Figure 4 Significant correlation between the change in VAS depressed mood scores on both active study visits (Pearson r=0.57, P=0.007, R2=0.32). B (degree of slope) in regression is 0.54.

Figure S1 Visual analog scale (VAS) mood scores in subjects receiving active dietary supplement and placebo. The sad mood induction procedure was done between time points 4 and 5. (Time points correspond to: 1=7:35 am, 2=8:40 am, 3=10:10 am, 4=11:20 am, 5=12.25 pm, 6=13:10 am, 7=14:30) (Data shown as mean and standard error).

Figure S1 Visual analog scale (VAS) mood scores in subjects receiving active dietary supplement and placebo. The sad mood induction procedure was done between time points 4 and 5. (Time points correspond to: 1=7:35 am, 2=8:40 am, 3=10:10 am, 4=11:20 am, 5=12.25 pm, 6=13:10 am, 7=14:30) (Data shown as mean and standard error).

Figure S2 Urge to smoke scale (USS) scores in subjects receiving active dietary supplement and placebo. The sad mood induction procedure was done between time points 3 and 4. (Time points correspond to: 1=7:35 am, 2=8:40 am, 3=11:20 am, 4=12.25 pm, 5=14:30 pm) (Data shown as mean and standard error).

Figure S2 Urge to smoke scale (USS) scores in subjects receiving active dietary supplement and placebo. The sad mood induction procedure was done between time points 3 and 4. (Time points correspond to: 1=7:35 am, 2=8:40 am, 3=11:20 am, 4=12.25 pm, 5=14:30 pm) (Data shown as mean and standard error).

Figure S3 Significant increase in profile-of-mood-state (POMS) scale depression/dejection score after sad mood induction procedure (MIP) during supplement (mean ± SD: 2.95±4.57, t[20]=2.95, P=0.008) and placebo (mean ± SD: 2.19±3.37, t[20]=2.98, P=0.007), but no effect of dietary supplement in reducing vulnerability to sad MIP compared to placebo conditions (F[1,19]=0.002, P=0.97).

Figure S3 Significant increase in profile-of-mood-state (POMS) scale depression/dejection score after sad mood induction procedure (MIP) during supplement (mean ± SD: 2.95±4.57, t[20]=2.95, P=0.008) and placebo (mean ± SD: 2.19±3.37, t[20]=2.98, P=0.007), but no effect of dietary supplement in reducing vulnerability to sad MIP compared to placebo conditions (F[1,19]=0.002, P=0.97).

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