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Original Research

Abnormal prefrontal brain activation during a verbal fluency task in bipolar disorder patients with psychotic symptoms using multichannel NIRS

, , , &
Pages 3081-3090 | Published online: 13 Nov 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1 VFT task design.

Note: Four-block (vegetables, domestic applications, four-legged animals, and fruits) semantic category versions of VFT included a 30-second pre-task baseline, a 30-second VFT, and a 30-second post-task baseline.
Abbreviation: VFT, verbal fluency task.
Figure 1 VFT task design.

Table 1 Characteristics of subjects

Figure 2 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDn patients compared with the controls during the VFT.

Notes: Channels in color show significantly lower oxy-Hb changes during the VFT in BDn compared with healthy controls (FDR-corrected P<0.2). Channels in gray show FDR-corrected P-values >0.2.
Abbreviations: BDn, bipolar disorder patients absence of psychotic symptoms; FDR, false discovery rate; oxy-Hb, oxygenated hemoglobin; VFT, verbal fluency test.
Figure 2 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDn patients compared with the controls during the VFT.

Figure 3 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDp patients compared with the controls during the VFT.

Notes: Channels in color show significantly lower oxy-Hb changes during the VFT in BDp compared with HC (FDR-corrected P<0.2). Channels in gray show FDR-corrected P-values >0.2.
Abbreviations: BDp, bipolar disorder patients presence of psychotic symptoms; FDR, false discovery rate; HC, healthy controls; oxy-Hb, oxygenated hemoglobin; VFT, verbal fluency test.
Figure 3 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDp patients compared with the controls during the VFT.

Figure 4 Histogram of the average oxy-Hb concentrations changes in the four channels.

Note: Both BDp and BDn groups showed significantly reduced activation in the four channels than HC (FDR-corrected P<0.2).
Abbreviations: BDp, bipolar disorder patients presence of psychotic symptoms; BDn, bipolar disorder patients absence of psychotic symptoms; FDR, false discovery rate; HC, healthy controls; oxy-Hb, oxygenated hemoglobin.
Figure 4 Histogram of the average oxy-Hb concentrations changes in the four channels.

Figure 5 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDp patients compared with BDn during the VFT.

Notes: Channels in color show significantly lower oxy-Hb changes during the VFT in BDp compared with BDn (FDR-corrected P<0.2). Channels in gray show FDR-corrected P-values >0.2.
Abbreviations: BDp, bipolar disorder patients presence of psychotic symptoms; BDn, bipolar disorder patients absence of psychotic symptoms; FDR, false discovery rate; oxy-Hb, oxygenated hemoglobin; VFT, verbal fluency test.
Figure 5 A map showing statistically significant lower oxy-Hb changes in BDp patients compared with BDn during the VFT.

Figure 6 Scatter plot of the oxy-Hb changes in channel 14 changing with BPRS scores.

Note: oxy-Hb changes of channel 14 were negatively correlated with BPRS scores.
Abbreviations: BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; oxy-Hb, oxygenated hemoglobin.
Figure 6 Scatter plot of the oxy-Hb changes in channel 14 changing with BPRS scores.